Recent economic growth and concentration of population in cities has led to an increase in the construction of high-rise buildings and condensation at the city centers Consequently, it has become unavoidable to construct the buildings close to the existing structures and use the basement space.
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Recent economic growth and concentration of population in cities has led to an increase in the construction of high-rise buildings and condensation at the city centers Consequently, it has become unavoidable to construct the buildings close to the existing structures and use the basement space.
The most typical example is the drilling works to create the basement space for the parking lot of large building and the construction of the subway stations and rails. As the construction has become large scale and the drilling depth has increased significantly, studies on the design of the retaining wall structure have increased in order to ensure safe construction works.
In addition, excessive deformation behavior in the retaining wall and the surrounding soil ground in the city center, where the population and high-rise buildings are concentrated, may cause the fracture in the neighboring buildings, destruction of the structures buried underground, and the collapse of the retaining wall during the construction works, thereby causing tremendous damage to property and serious injuries of human. Therefore, it has become unavoidable to map out comprehensive plans in order to ensure stability and cost-effectiveness of the soil walls and adjacent structures.
This study evaluated the behavior of the retaining wall by conducting the mock-up soil structure experiment and numerical analysis by varying the analytical soil ground and drilling conditions. The soil subject to the experiment was the sandy soil ground, and the conditions of the experiment were classified into the relative density, corner area length, depth of the retaining penetration length, existence of buttress, etc. Soil pressure, wall displacement, and surface subsidence amount were analyzed in relation to each condition by carrying out the construction through the drilling in a total of 4 stages, and based on that, the effect of buttress and the behavior characteristics at the corner area during the drilling were analyzed intensively.
Moreover, 3-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted on more diverse conditions by using FLAC 3D, the numerical analysis program which were used widely for the numerical analysis of the concerned cross section. The results of mock-up test showed that the surface subsidence and wall displacement increased as the corner area length increased during the cantilever excavation and buttress excavation. However, the soil pressure decreased in relation to the behavior characteristics of soil, which were similar to the results of numerical analysis.
Although the results of numerical analysis were the results of the analysis related to the most loose conditions presented in the existing literature, the displacement was within the management standards and therefore was considered to be stable.
In the mock-up experiment, the collapse occurred, except for the buttress excavation, and therefore, the analytical soil constants used for the temporary the retaining wall facility were considered to be slightly unreasonable. Thus, careful review is considered necessary when estimating and applying the soil constants in the design of the retaining wall including the corner area, in the period ahead.
The longer the embedded depth, ground surface settlement of corner was decreased 40%. To apply deeper embedded depth than designed estimate was an advantage in the safety. As a result of the analysis of corner behavior with added struts, maximum surface settlement and maximum horizontal displacement was evaluated 40% and 30%, respectively. Hence increased embedded depth with the added struts in corner edge was effective in the safety.
Recent economic growth and concentration of population in cities has led to an increase in the construction of high-rise buildings and condensation at the city centers Consequently, it has become unavoidable to construct the buildings close to the existing structures and use the basement space.
The most typical example is the drilling works to create the basement space for the parking lot of large building and the construction of the subway stations and rails. As the construction has become large scale and the drilling depth has increased significantly, studies on the design of the retaining wall structure have increased in order to ensure safe construction works.
In addition, excessive deformation behavior in the retaining wall and the surrounding soil ground in the city center, where the population and high-rise buildings are concentrated, may cause the fracture in the neighboring buildings, destruction of the structures buried underground, and the collapse of the retaining wall during the construction works, thereby causing tremendous damage to property and serious injuries of human. Therefore, it has become unavoidable to map out comprehensive plans in order to ensure stability and cost-effectiveness of the soil walls and adjacent structures.
This study evaluated the behavior of the retaining wall by conducting the mock-up soil structure experiment and numerical analysis by varying the analytical soil ground and drilling conditions. The soil subject to the experiment was the sandy soil ground, and the conditions of the experiment were classified into the relative density, corner area length, depth of the retaining penetration length, existence of buttress, etc. Soil pressure, wall displacement, and surface subsidence amount were analyzed in relation to each condition by carrying out the construction through the drilling in a total of 4 stages, and based on that, the effect of buttress and the behavior characteristics at the corner area during the drilling were analyzed intensively.
Moreover, 3-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted on more diverse conditions by using FLAC 3D, the numerical analysis program which were used widely for the numerical analysis of the concerned cross section. The results of mock-up test showed that the surface subsidence and wall displacement increased as the corner area length increased during the cantilever excavation and buttress excavation. However, the soil pressure decreased in relation to the behavior characteristics of soil, which were similar to the results of numerical analysis.
Although the results of numerical analysis were the results of the analysis related to the most loose conditions presented in the existing literature, the displacement was within the management standards and therefore was considered to be stable.
In the mock-up experiment, the collapse occurred, except for the buttress excavation, and therefore, the analytical soil constants used for the temporary the retaining wall facility were considered to be slightly unreasonable. Thus, careful review is considered necessary when estimating and applying the soil constants in the design of the retaining wall including the corner area, in the period ahead.
The longer the embedded depth, ground surface settlement of corner was decreased 40%. To apply deeper embedded depth than designed estimate was an advantage in the safety. As a result of the analysis of corner behavior with added struts, maximum surface settlement and maximum horizontal displacement was evaluated 40% and 30%, respectively. Hence increased embedded depth with the added struts in corner edge was effective in the safety.
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