A number of livestock breeds have become extinct over the last half century. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 20% of the approximately 7600 livestock breeds reported worldwide belong to 18 mammalian and 16 avian species, are at risk, and 62 breeds have become extinct in the ...
A number of livestock breeds have become extinct over the last half century. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 20% of the approximately 7600 livestock breeds reported worldwide belong to 18 mammalian and 16 avian species, are at risk, and 62 breeds have become extinct in the last 10 years. The effective management of endangered animal genetic resources is one of the most important concerns of modern breeding. Conservation strategies of animal genetic resources should be based on a combination of phenotypic and molecular genetic characteristics. Genetic diversity of animal genetic resources can be observed within- and between- breeds or populations, the maintenance of genetic diversity is important to the sustainable survival of most species. Nowadays, native or local breeds are usually characterized by their geographical distribution. Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship of local breeds is an important factor towards the identification of unique and valuable genetic resources. Therefore in this study, molecular genetic evaluations of Korean domestic animal genetic resources using microsatellite makers are carried out. The work consists of three parts. Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the FAO, which consist of Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu and Jeju black. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of four Korean native and five exotic cattle breeds, including a total of 232 individuals. The (International Society for Animal Genetics) ISAG/FAO working group recommended 30 microsatellite loci which were genotyped. Using these genotypes, we determined the allele frequencies, allelic richness (AR), heterozygosity (HExp and HObs) and polymorphism information content (PIC) per locus and breed. The obtained results show that Heugu and Jeju black have lower level of genetic diversity than other breeds. Pair-wise genetic differentiations were all significant (p<0.001) indicating that all breeds can be considered as genetically independent entities. Results of the phylogenetic tree, principle correspondence analysis (PCA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed the four populations represented four distinct groups, and Bayesian clustering showed the distribution of breeds in seven clusters. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources. The aims of experiment two was to identify allele variability and frequencies of six microsatellites (BM861, INRA124, INRA189, UMN0103, UMN0307 and UMN0504) in terms of Y-chromosome. DNA samples from 187 males of four Korean native and six exotic cattle breeds were tested. Four KNC breeds showed Bos taurus genotype. In the neighbor-joining tree, based on Nei’s DA genetic distance, ten breeds represented three main groups. Inaddition, Bayesian clustering result showed that three main clusters are for individual allele variability and frequencies. Moreover, KNC breeds showed differences in B. taurus type compared to previous studies. The molecular information of paternal lineage in this study would be useful for the conservation and utilization of three KNC breeds as genetic resources. The second part of the present work aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of six Korean native chicken breeds (Reddish-brown, Yellowish-brown, Grayish-brown, Black, White, Yeonsan Ogye), which were compared with three introduced breeds reared in Korea (White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Cornish). For the analysis of genetic diversity, 30 microsatellite markers from ISAG/FAO recommended diversity panel or ArkDB were used. The number of alleles in native chicken ranged from 2 to 10 per locus, with a mean of 4.7. The average observed heterozygosity within native population varied between 0.46 and 0.59. The genetic differentiation between the breeds was significant (p<0.05). Bayesian clustering analysis, using the STRUCTURE software suggested nine clusters. This study may provide the background for future studies to identify the origin of the Korean native chicken populations and to characterize the genetic variability affecting traits of economic importance. In the last part of this work, the level of genetic variation and relationships in three native Korean goat breeds (Dangjin, Jangsu and Tongyeong) as well as the populations of farms (located from Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk province area) and the exotic breeds (Saanen and Togenburg) were analyzed, based on 30 microsatellite markers. In the NJ tree constructed based on Nei’s DA genetic distance, the seven populations represented seven distinct groups. However, the genetic distance between each Korean native goat population and the farm population is two times compared to that among the three native Korean breeds. The genetic structure within three Korean native goat populations was also investigated. Cluster analysis, using the STRUCTURE software, suggested nine clusters. The molecular information of genetic diversity and relationships in this study will be useful for the evaluation, conservation and utilization of native Korean goat breeds as genetic resources. The present study is expected to be the first attempt to characterize the molecular genetic diversity and relationships of the Korean domestic animal genetic resources, which have been recognized by the DAD-IS of the FAO. Analysis of genetic distance and structure demonstrated a clear differentiation of individuals into defined groups of breeds. Finally, knowledge of the genetic status of Korean native breeds is essential in management and in promoting its conservation as a valuable genetic resource, without losing diversity.
A number of livestock breeds have become extinct over the last half century. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 20% of the approximately 7600 livestock breeds reported worldwide belong to 18 mammalian and 16 avian species, are at risk, and 62 breeds have become extinct in the last 10 years. The effective management of endangered animal genetic resources is one of the most important concerns of modern breeding. Conservation strategies of animal genetic resources should be based on a combination of phenotypic and molecular genetic characteristics. Genetic diversity of animal genetic resources can be observed within- and between- breeds or populations, the maintenance of genetic diversity is important to the sustainable survival of most species. Nowadays, native or local breeds are usually characterized by their geographical distribution. Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship of local breeds is an important factor towards the identification of unique and valuable genetic resources. Therefore in this study, molecular genetic evaluations of Korean domestic animal genetic resources using microsatellite makers are carried out. The work consists of three parts. Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the FAO, which consist of Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu and Jeju black. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of four Korean native and five exotic cattle breeds, including a total of 232 individuals. The (International Society for Animal Genetics) ISAG/FAO working group recommended 30 microsatellite loci which were genotyped. Using these genotypes, we determined the allele frequencies, allelic richness (AR), heterozygosity (HExp and HObs) and polymorphism information content (PIC) per locus and breed. The obtained results show that Heugu and Jeju black have lower level of genetic diversity than other breeds. Pair-wise genetic differentiations were all significant (p<0.001) indicating that all breeds can be considered as genetically independent entities. Results of the phylogenetic tree, principle correspondence analysis (PCA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed the four populations represented four distinct groups, and Bayesian clustering showed the distribution of breeds in seven clusters. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources. The aims of experiment two was to identify allele variability and frequencies of six microsatellites (BM861, INRA124, INRA189, UMN0103, UMN0307 and UMN0504) in terms of Y-chromosome. DNA samples from 187 males of four Korean native and six exotic cattle breeds were tested. Four KNC breeds showed Bos taurus genotype. In the neighbor-joining tree, based on Nei’s DA genetic distance, ten breeds represented three main groups. Inaddition, Bayesian clustering result showed that three main clusters are for individual allele variability and frequencies. Moreover, KNC breeds showed differences in B. taurus type compared to previous studies. The molecular information of paternal lineage in this study would be useful for the conservation and utilization of three KNC breeds as genetic resources. The second part of the present work aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of six Korean native chicken breeds (Reddish-brown, Yellowish-brown, Grayish-brown, Black, White, Yeonsan Ogye), which were compared with three introduced breeds reared in Korea (White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Cornish). For the analysis of genetic diversity, 30 microsatellite markers from ISAG/FAO recommended diversity panel or ArkDB were used. The number of alleles in native chicken ranged from 2 to 10 per locus, with a mean of 4.7. The average observed heterozygosity within native population varied between 0.46 and 0.59. The genetic differentiation between the breeds was significant (p<0.05). Bayesian clustering analysis, using the STRUCTURE software suggested nine clusters. This study may provide the background for future studies to identify the origin of the Korean native chicken populations and to characterize the genetic variability affecting traits of economic importance. In the last part of this work, the level of genetic variation and relationships in three native Korean goat breeds (Dangjin, Jangsu and Tongyeong) as well as the populations of farms (located from Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk province area) and the exotic breeds (Saanen and Togenburg) were analyzed, based on 30 microsatellite markers. In the NJ tree constructed based on Nei’s DA genetic distance, the seven populations represented seven distinct groups. However, the genetic distance between each Korean native goat population and the farm population is two times compared to that among the three native Korean breeds. The genetic structure within three Korean native goat populations was also investigated. Cluster analysis, using the STRUCTURE software, suggested nine clusters. The molecular information of genetic diversity and relationships in this study will be useful for the evaluation, conservation and utilization of native Korean goat breeds as genetic resources. The present study is expected to be the first attempt to characterize the molecular genetic diversity and relationships of the Korean domestic animal genetic resources, which have been recognized by the DAD-IS of the FAO. Analysis of genetic distance and structure demonstrated a clear differentiation of individuals into defined groups of breeds. Finally, knowledge of the genetic status of Korean native breeds is essential in management and in promoting its conservation as a valuable genetic resource, without losing diversity.
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#Microsatellite marker 가축유전자원
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