Upland drought is defined as the insufficiency of soil moisture, which is a critical factor in terms of water cycle and upland crop growth. Because of the limitation of direct observation and spatial and temporal heterogeneity, different specific time-span sequence models based on soil moisture bala...
Upland drought is defined as the insufficiency of soil moisture, which is a critical factor in terms of water cycle and upland crop growth. Because of the limitation of direct observation and spatial and temporal heterogeneity, different specific time-span sequence models based on soil moisture balance in farmlands have been tried to analyze the temporal and spatial variation in soil water distribution. However, most of the soil moisture models have the limitation that they can be used only in fields subjected to monoculture or that the algorithm used to develop the model does not detect spatial distribution or temporal change of crop. In this study, a grid-based soil water balance model was developed to estimate the soil moisture by tracing a change each time, in different types of cultivated crops, growth stages, and soil conditions without spatial and temporal limitation even in mixed farming. The newly developed model was applied to a test area in the Illinois State, United States and targeted corn and soybean, which are typical farm products; the soil water balance was simulated during the growing period of the crops from 2000 to 2012. The water balance results, such as consumptive use, effective rainfall, irrigation requirement, and water deficit, were analyzed, and the Rainfall Effectiveness Index for Crop (REIC) was assessed by using the relation between the supplied quantity (effective rainfall) and the demanded quantity (crop evapotranspiration) as an index have in the minimum value 0.0. From the analysis, the water balance condition was found to be the most favorable in 2009 and the most unfavorable in 2005. REIC was the lowest in 2005 and the highest in 2009. In addition, to observe the progress status and drought severity, monthly and consecutively accumulated REIC values were estimated. The consecutively accumulate REIC showed that relatively long drought occurred in 2005, and in July 2012, severe drought was experienced, which somewhat reduced by August and September 2012. Finally, the REIC was confirmed to accurately reflect the drought situation of the relevant area by comparing with the drought records of the study area.
Upland drought is defined as the insufficiency of soil moisture, which is a critical factor in terms of water cycle and upland crop growth. Because of the limitation of direct observation and spatial and temporal heterogeneity, different specific time-span sequence models based on soil moisture balance in farmlands have been tried to analyze the temporal and spatial variation in soil water distribution. However, most of the soil moisture models have the limitation that they can be used only in fields subjected to monoculture or that the algorithm used to develop the model does not detect spatial distribution or temporal change of crop. In this study, a grid-based soil water balance model was developed to estimate the soil moisture by tracing a change each time, in different types of cultivated crops, growth stages, and soil conditions without spatial and temporal limitation even in mixed farming. The newly developed model was applied to a test area in the Illinois State, United States and targeted corn and soybean, which are typical farm products; the soil water balance was simulated during the growing period of the crops from 2000 to 2012. The water balance results, such as consumptive use, effective rainfall, irrigation requirement, and water deficit, were analyzed, and the Rainfall Effectiveness Index for Crop (REIC) was assessed by using the relation between the supplied quantity (effective rainfall) and the demanded quantity (crop evapotranspiration) as an index have in the minimum value 0.0. From the analysis, the water balance condition was found to be the most favorable in 2009 and the most unfavorable in 2005. REIC was the lowest in 2005 and the highest in 2009. In addition, to observe the progress status and drought severity, monthly and consecutively accumulated REIC values were estimated. The consecutively accumulate REIC showed that relatively long drought occurred in 2005, and in July 2012, severe drought was experienced, which somewhat reduced by August and September 2012. Finally, the REIC was confirmed to accurately reflect the drought situation of the relevant area by comparing with the drought records of the study area.
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