Chungkookjang (CKJ) is one of fermented soybean products and shows diverse biological and pharmacological activities on human chronic diseases. However, it has never been considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, toxicity of CKJ has not ...
Chungkookjang (CKJ) is one of fermented soybean products and shows diverse biological and pharmacological activities on human chronic diseases. However, it has never been considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, toxicity of CKJ has not been elucidated yet in specific organs of mice
First of all, in order to investigate the effects of CKJ on AD related NGF metabolism, NGF secretion ability and cell viability were analyzed in B35 cells treated six strains of CKJ, and then its related signaling pathway were analyzed in PC12 cells and Tg2576 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. In B35 cells, the concentration of NGF and cell viability were significantly increased upon treatment with Taegwang (TG)-CKJ and Shinhwa (SH)-CKJ extracts. In addition, significant increase in PC12 cell length as well as the phosphorylation levels of TrkA and Akt were observed with TG-CKJ and SH-CKJ conditional medium (CM). In Tg2576 mice, the concentrations of NGF in the serum and brain were recovered with SH-CKJ for 8 weeks. Furthermore, the low phosphorylation levels of TrkA and Erk were rapidly recovered to those of Non-Tg.
Second, the alleviative effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-CKJ which contained high concentration of GABA was quantified on atopic dermatitis using the luciferase reporter system in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. Alteration of the luciferase signal and phenotypes of atopic dermatitis was quantified in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice co-treated with PA and CKJ for 4 weeks. A strong luciferase signal was detected in abdominal region and thymus (T) of mice treated with PA alone. However, this signal was significantly reduced in the PA+CKJ group. Furthermore, the CKJ-treated group showed an improvement of common allergic responses including the decreases of ear thickness, dermis thickness, lymph node weight and infiltrated mast cells.
Finally, to evaluate toxicity of mixed bacterial culture (MBC)-CKJ, which was fermented by Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei) 383. We investigated the toxic effects of 25, 50 and 100 ㎎/㎏ of MBC-CKJ on body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology in ICR mice. The lung showed significantly decreased weights in all CKJ-treated groups, but the weights of other organs were unchanged. Moreover, the ketone levels were higher in the CKJ-treated groups than the vehicle-treated group. Liver toxicity analysis revealed no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) in response to MBC-CKJ. Additionally, specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver and kidney histological analysis.
Taken together, these results suggest that CKJ may stimulate NGF secretion ability as well as the NGF receptor TrkA signaling pathway in PC12 cells and Tg2576 mice. Also, CKJ could relieve the atopic dermatitis induced by PA as well as this effect was successfully detected with luciferase signal in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. Moreover any specific toxicity did not detect in various tissues of ICR mice. Therefore, we suggest additional evidences that CKJ may be considered as a beneficial food for AD and atopic dermatitis.
Chungkookjang (CKJ) is one of fermented soybean products and shows diverse biological and pharmacological activities on human chronic diseases. However, it has never been considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, toxicity of CKJ has not been elucidated yet in specific organs of mice
First of all, in order to investigate the effects of CKJ on AD related NGF metabolism, NGF secretion ability and cell viability were analyzed in B35 cells treated six strains of CKJ, and then its related signaling pathway were analyzed in PC12 cells and Tg2576 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. In B35 cells, the concentration of NGF and cell viability were significantly increased upon treatment with Taegwang (TG)-CKJ and Shinhwa (SH)-CKJ extracts. In addition, significant increase in PC12 cell length as well as the phosphorylation levels of TrkA and Akt were observed with TG-CKJ and SH-CKJ conditional medium (CM). In Tg2576 mice, the concentrations of NGF in the serum and brain were recovered with SH-CKJ for 8 weeks. Furthermore, the low phosphorylation levels of TrkA and Erk were rapidly recovered to those of Non-Tg.
Second, the alleviative effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-CKJ which contained high concentration of GABA was quantified on atopic dermatitis using the luciferase reporter system in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. Alteration of the luciferase signal and phenotypes of atopic dermatitis was quantified in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice co-treated with PA and CKJ for 4 weeks. A strong luciferase signal was detected in abdominal region and thymus (T) of mice treated with PA alone. However, this signal was significantly reduced in the PA+CKJ group. Furthermore, the CKJ-treated group showed an improvement of common allergic responses including the decreases of ear thickness, dermis thickness, lymph node weight and infiltrated mast cells.
Finally, to evaluate toxicity of mixed bacterial culture (MBC)-CKJ, which was fermented by Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei) 383. We investigated the toxic effects of 25, 50 and 100 ㎎/㎏ of MBC-CKJ on body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology in ICR mice. The lung showed significantly decreased weights in all CKJ-treated groups, but the weights of other organs were unchanged. Moreover, the ketone levels were higher in the CKJ-treated groups than the vehicle-treated group. Liver toxicity analysis revealed no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) in response to MBC-CKJ. Additionally, specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver and kidney histological analysis.
Taken together, these results suggest that CKJ may stimulate NGF secretion ability as well as the NGF receptor TrkA signaling pathway in PC12 cells and Tg2576 mice. Also, CKJ could relieve the atopic dermatitis induced by PA as well as this effect was successfully detected with luciferase signal in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice. Moreover any specific toxicity did not detect in various tissues of ICR mice. Therefore, we suggest additional evidences that CKJ may be considered as a beneficial food for AD and atopic dermatitis.
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