This study investigated the park use situation and the cause and the degree of fear of crimes during night uses, to improve the safety of the night use of parks and use vitalizations. It is also to provide basic data in future development and management of parks by evaluating the safety of the night...
This study investigated the park use situation and the cause and the degree of fear of crimes during night uses, to improve the safety of the night use of parks and use vitalizations. It is also to provide basic data in future development and management of parks by evaluating the safety of the night use of parks with the 1st and 2nd generation strategies of CPTED applied. This study consists of literature research and survey. Items on the questionnaire were extracted through preliminary research, and the items corresponding to park were newly created and added. The site of study was limited to the 4 parks located in the residential area of downtown Jeonju, including small-sized apartment area, large-sized apartment area, apartment-house(shopping area) complex, and single house(shopping area) area. Questionnaires were collected in two sessions at daytime and nighttime, with 102-105 questionnaires in daytime and 88-90 in nighttime and were analyzed. 1. Based on the analysis result of questionnaire respondent attributes, the male/female proportion of respondents were similar. The main age group in case of daytime respondents were 20-40s and senior citizens more than 60s, and in case of nighttime respondents, nearly no 60s. In terms of job, daytime respondents were relatively many housewives and students; and there were relatively many students among nighttime respondents, but less students in single house(shopping area) area. 2. Based on the analysis result of use behavior, the purposes of park use were mainly resting, exercising, meeting․talking, and taking a walk, and companion types were by themselves or with family members or friends during daytime, and friends or with family members had high ratio during nighttime. In case of use frequency, most of users used more than once a week during daytime and once or twice a month during nighttime. Duration of stay was within 2 hours, and users stayed longer during daytime than nighttime. The main use hours for daytime respondents were in the order of afternoon and evening, and evening, afternoon, and night for nighttime respondents. 3. The ratio of the usual night use of park was higher in nighttime respondents than daytime. The main reason for using the park at night was because of close distance. Therefore, to improve the nighttime use rate, the location was found to be an important factor. On the other hand, the reasons for not using the park at night were mainly because there was no particular reason, or they thought it would be dangerous to use it at night. 4. Based on the analysis result on the cause of fear of crime and fear, loitering people affected the most on the fear of crime, followed by using the park alone, and when delinquent adolescents were using the park. The analysis showed that rather than the physical factors, the characteristics of users resulted in the cause of fear of crime. 5. Based on the result analysis on the importance and achievement of CPTED strategies, 'Maintenance and Management', 'Surveillance', and 'Threshold capacity' in importance, and 'Natural access control', 'Maintenance and Management', and 'Threshold capacity' in achievement were highly evaluated. 6. Based on the IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) result on the importance and achievement of CPTED strategies, in the range of keeping up the good work, 'Maintenance and Management' and 'Threshold capacity', and in the range of concentrating here, 'Surveillance' included to it; in order to secure the safety of night use of neighborhood parks, "Surveillance" should be reinforced. Overall, to improve the safety of night use of parks in the future in terms of hardware, maintenance and management of facilities and trees, and surveillance such as CCTV or crime prevention checkpoints should be reinforced. In terms of software, programs such as patrol reinforcement should be operated to reduce the occupation of parks by loitering people and delinquent adolescents.
This study investigated the park use situation and the cause and the degree of fear of crimes during night uses, to improve the safety of the night use of parks and use vitalizations. It is also to provide basic data in future development and management of parks by evaluating the safety of the night use of parks with the 1st and 2nd generation strategies of CPTED applied. This study consists of literature research and survey. Items on the questionnaire were extracted through preliminary research, and the items corresponding to park were newly created and added. The site of study was limited to the 4 parks located in the residential area of downtown Jeonju, including small-sized apartment area, large-sized apartment area, apartment-house(shopping area) complex, and single house(shopping area) area. Questionnaires were collected in two sessions at daytime and nighttime, with 102-105 questionnaires in daytime and 88-90 in nighttime and were analyzed. 1. Based on the analysis result of questionnaire respondent attributes, the male/female proportion of respondents were similar. The main age group in case of daytime respondents were 20-40s and senior citizens more than 60s, and in case of nighttime respondents, nearly no 60s. In terms of job, daytime respondents were relatively many housewives and students; and there were relatively many students among nighttime respondents, but less students in single house(shopping area) area. 2. Based on the analysis result of use behavior, the purposes of park use were mainly resting, exercising, meeting․talking, and taking a walk, and companion types were by themselves or with family members or friends during daytime, and friends or with family members had high ratio during nighttime. In case of use frequency, most of users used more than once a week during daytime and once or twice a month during nighttime. Duration of stay was within 2 hours, and users stayed longer during daytime than nighttime. The main use hours for daytime respondents were in the order of afternoon and evening, and evening, afternoon, and night for nighttime respondents. 3. The ratio of the usual night use of park was higher in nighttime respondents than daytime. The main reason for using the park at night was because of close distance. Therefore, to improve the nighttime use rate, the location was found to be an important factor. On the other hand, the reasons for not using the park at night were mainly because there was no particular reason, or they thought it would be dangerous to use it at night. 4. Based on the analysis result on the cause of fear of crime and fear, loitering people affected the most on the fear of crime, followed by using the park alone, and when delinquent adolescents were using the park. The analysis showed that rather than the physical factors, the characteristics of users resulted in the cause of fear of crime. 5. Based on the result analysis on the importance and achievement of CPTED strategies, 'Maintenance and Management', 'Surveillance', and 'Threshold capacity' in importance, and 'Natural access control', 'Maintenance and Management', and 'Threshold capacity' in achievement were highly evaluated. 6. Based on the IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) result on the importance and achievement of CPTED strategies, in the range of keeping up the good work, 'Maintenance and Management' and 'Threshold capacity', and in the range of concentrating here, 'Surveillance' included to it; in order to secure the safety of night use of neighborhood parks, "Surveillance" should be reinforced. Overall, to improve the safety of night use of parks in the future in terms of hardware, maintenance and management of facilities and trees, and surveillance such as CCTV or crime prevention checkpoints should be reinforced. In terms of software, programs such as patrol reinforcement should be operated to reduce the occupation of parks by loitering people and delinquent adolescents.
주제어
#Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) Residential Area Neighborhood Park Security on the Night Use Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) Fear of Crime
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