본 연구에서는 차세대 유기 태양전지를 위한 플렉시블투명 전극을 개발하기 위해 Ag nanowire를 다양한 투명 전극과 복합시켜 광전자 소자에 적용해 보았다. Ag nanowire는 뛰어난 전도성과 투과성, 유연성을 보이지만, 표면 roughness가 크고 기판과의 접착성이 낮은 단점을 갖고 있어 광전자 소자에 적용 시 높은 효율을 보이지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ...
본 연구에서는 차세대 유기 태양전지를 위한 플렉시블투명 전극을 개발하기 위해 Ag nanowire를 다양한 투명 전극과 복합시켜 광전자 소자에 적용해 보았다. Ag nanowire는 뛰어난 전도성과 투과성, 유연성을 보이지만, 표면 roughness가 크고 기판과의 접착성이 낮은 단점을 갖고 있어 광전자 소자에 적용 시 높은 효율을 보이지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Graphene, 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT:PSS, 산화물 전극 InTiO를 각각 은 나노와이어와 복합시켜 은 나노와이어의 단점을 보완하고자 하였다. Graphene/Ag nanowire의 경우 Graphene의 높은 전자 이동도와 Ag nanowire의 전도성을 모두 갖춘 우수한 플렉시블 투명 전극의 특성을 보였으나, 은 나노와이어의 표면 특성을 향상시키지는 못하였다. 따라서 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT:PSS를 은 나노와이어의 top과 bottom에 코팅하여 PEDOT:PSS/Ag nanowire/PEDOT:PSS(PAP) 다층 투명 전극을 연구하였다. 그 결과 top의 PEDOT:PSS로 인해 Ag nanowire의 표면 roughness가 현저히 감소하였으며, 전도성과 투과도, 유연성 역시 우수한 특성을 보였다. 그러나 PAP 다층 투명 전극으로 Ag nanowire의 기판과의 접착성은 크게 향상되지 않았기 때문에, Ag nanowire top과 bottom에 산화물 투명 전극인 InTiO를 스퍼터링 공법으로 성막하여 은 나노와이어의 기판과의 접착성과 표면 특성을 모두 향상시키고자 하였다. 최적조건의 InTiO/Ag nanowire/InTiO 하이브리드 전극은 우수한 전도성 및 투과성, 유연성을 유지하면서 표면 특성과 접착성이 향상된 결과를 나타내었다. 마지막으로 최적화 된 InTiO/Ag nanowire/InTiO 하이브리드 전극을 플렉시블 유기 태양전지에 적용하여 차세대 유기 태양전지로서의 가능성을 타진하였다.
본 연구에서는 차세대 유기 태양전지를 위한 플렉시블 투명 전극을 개발하기 위해 Ag nanowire를 다양한 투명 전극과 복합시켜 광전자 소자에 적용해 보았다. Ag nanowire는 뛰어난 전도성과 투과성, 유연성을 보이지만, 표면 roughness가 크고 기판과의 접착성이 낮은 단점을 갖고 있어 광전자 소자에 적용 시 높은 효율을 보이지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Graphene, 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT:PSS, 산화물 전극 InTiO를 각각 은 나노와이어와 복합시켜 은 나노와이어의 단점을 보완하고자 하였다. Graphene/Ag nanowire의 경우 Graphene의 높은 전자 이동도와 Ag nanowire의 전도성을 모두 갖춘 우수한 플렉시블 투명 전극의 특성을 보였으나, 은 나노와이어의 표면 특성을 향상시키지는 못하였다. 따라서 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT:PSS를 은 나노와이어의 top과 bottom에 코팅하여 PEDOT:PSS/Ag nanowire/PEDOT:PSS(PAP) 다층 투명 전극을 연구하였다. 그 결과 top의 PEDOT:PSS로 인해 Ag nanowire의 표면 roughness가 현저히 감소하였으며, 전도성과 투과도, 유연성 역시 우수한 특성을 보였다. 그러나 PAP 다층 투명 전극으로 Ag nanowire의 기판과의 접착성은 크게 향상되지 않았기 때문에, Ag nanowire top과 bottom에 산화물 투명 전극인 InTiO를 스퍼터링 공법으로 성막하여 은 나노와이어의 기판과의 접착성과 표면 특성을 모두 향상시키고자 하였다. 최적조건의 InTiO/Ag nanowire/InTiO 하이브리드 전극은 우수한 전도성 및 투과성, 유연성을 유지하면서 표면 특성과 접착성이 향상된 결과를 나타내었다. 마지막으로 최적화 된 InTiO/Ag nanowire/InTiO 하이브리드 전극을 플렉시블 유기 태양전지에 적용하여 차세대 유기 태양전지로서의 가능성을 타진하였다.
In this thesis, characteristics of Ag Nanowire (NW) percolating network-based hybrid electrodes were investigated as flexible transparent electrodes for next-generation flexible displays and photovoltaics. Although Ag NW network electrode has an inherent metallic conductivity, high transparency, and...
In this thesis, characteristics of Ag Nanowire (NW) percolating network-based hybrid electrodes were investigated as flexible transparent electrodes for next-generation flexible displays and photovoltaics. Although Ag NW network electrode has an inherent metallic conductivity, high transparency, and superior flexibility, poor adhesion and rough surface morphology of the Ag NW are critical drawbacks. To solve the critical problems of the Ag NW network, several types of hybrid transparent electrodes (Graphene-Ag NW, PEDOT:PSS-Ag NW, Ti-doped In2O3(TIO)-Ag NW) was suggested. Based on simple brush painting of Ag NWs, flexible hybrid transparent electrodes were fabricated on the flexible PET substrates. In the TIO/Ag NW/TIO hybride electrodes, we investigated the effect of Ag NW brush cycle effect on the electrical, optical, structure properties of the TIO/Ag NW/TIO films. By embedding Ag NWs network between very thin TIO films using simple a brush painting method, we achieved a flexible TIO/Ag NW/TIO hybride electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 9.01 Ohm/square, a high transmittance of 85.14 %, as well as superior mechanical flexibility. In addition, Ag NW embedement effect on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films was investigated. By combining the flexibility of PEDOT:PSS and low resistivity of Ag NWs, we fabricated highly flexible PAP multilayer electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 13.96 Ohm/square and a high diffusive transmittance of 80.48 %. Effective embedment of the Ag NW network into the conductive PEDOT:PSS layer led to metallic conductivity and a high diffusive transmittance, which are desirable in transparent anodes for FOSCs. In addition, the PAP electrode showed an invariable resistance (∆R/R0) during outer and inner bending testing, due to the high strain failure of both PEDOT:PSS and Ag NW network. The identical current density-voltage behavior of the FOSCs with the brush-painted PAP electrode as the FOSC with a conventional ITO electrode demonstrates that the brush-painted PAP multilayer is a promising alternative to high-cost ITO electrodes to produce cost-efficient FOSCs. Finally, we coated the Ag NW on transferred graphene sheet to fabricate Ag NW-graphene hybride electrodes. Formation of Ag NW percolating network on the transparent graphene sheet led to an invisible Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrode with sheet resistance of 15.25 Ohm/square and high optical transmittance of 77.4 % as well as superior flexibility. In particular, similar bending radius of Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrode to graphene bilayer electrode during outer bending test demonstrated the superior mechanical flexibility of the Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrodes. FOSCs fabricated on Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (2.681 %) than that (1.681 %) of FOSC with graphene bilayer electrode due to lower sheet resistance and improved wettability for hole extracting layer. This indicates that Ag NW coating is a critical solution to solve the problem of high resistance and hydrophobic graphene electrode for use in FOSC. These results indicate that Ag nanowire-based hybrid electrodes are promising flexible and transparent electrodes for next generation organic solar cells due to its low sheet resistance, high transmittance, and superior flexibility.
In this thesis, characteristics of Ag Nanowire (NW) percolating network-based hybrid electrodes were investigated as flexible transparent electrodes for next-generation flexible displays and photovoltaics. Although Ag NW network electrode has an inherent metallic conductivity, high transparency, and superior flexibility, poor adhesion and rough surface morphology of the Ag NW are critical drawbacks. To solve the critical problems of the Ag NW network, several types of hybrid transparent electrodes (Graphene-Ag NW, PEDOT:PSS-Ag NW, Ti-doped In2O3(TIO)-Ag NW) was suggested. Based on simple brush painting of Ag NWs, flexible hybrid transparent electrodes were fabricated on the flexible PET substrates. In the TIO/Ag NW/TIO hybride electrodes, we investigated the effect of Ag NW brush cycle effect on the electrical, optical, structure properties of the TIO/Ag NW/TIO films. By embedding Ag NWs network between very thin TIO films using simple a brush painting method, we achieved a flexible TIO/Ag NW/TIO hybride electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 9.01 Ohm/square, a high transmittance of 85.14 %, as well as superior mechanical flexibility. In addition, Ag NW embedement effect on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films was investigated. By combining the flexibility of PEDOT:PSS and low resistivity of Ag NWs, we fabricated highly flexible PAP multilayer electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 13.96 Ohm/square and a high diffusive transmittance of 80.48 %. Effective embedment of the Ag NW network into the conductive PEDOT:PSS layer led to metallic conductivity and a high diffusive transmittance, which are desirable in transparent anodes for FOSCs. In addition, the PAP electrode showed an invariable resistance (∆R/R0) during outer and inner bending testing, due to the high strain failure of both PEDOT:PSS and Ag NW network. The identical current density-voltage behavior of the FOSCs with the brush-painted PAP electrode as the FOSC with a conventional ITO electrode demonstrates that the brush-painted PAP multilayer is a promising alternative to high-cost ITO electrodes to produce cost-efficient FOSCs. Finally, we coated the Ag NW on transferred graphene sheet to fabricate Ag NW-graphene hybride electrodes. Formation of Ag NW percolating network on the transparent graphene sheet led to an invisible Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrode with sheet resistance of 15.25 Ohm/square and high optical transmittance of 77.4 % as well as superior flexibility. In particular, similar bending radius of Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrode to graphene bilayer electrode during outer bending test demonstrated the superior mechanical flexibility of the Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrodes. FOSCs fabricated on Ag NW/graphene hybrid electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (2.681 %) than that (1.681 %) of FOSC with graphene bilayer electrode due to lower sheet resistance and improved wettability for hole extracting layer. This indicates that Ag NW coating is a critical solution to solve the problem of high resistance and hydrophobic graphene electrode for use in FOSC. These results indicate that Ag nanowire-based hybrid electrodes are promising flexible and transparent electrodes for next generation organic solar cells due to its low sheet resistance, high transmittance, and superior flexibility.
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