Recently, issues on energy and the environment are being magnified and especially, treatment of organic waste is one of the major concerns. In this study, to handle the issues such as climate change and energy exhaustion, we investigated purification and upgrading of biogas to enhance practical use ...
Recently, issues on energy and the environment are being magnified and especially, treatment of organic waste is one of the major concerns. In this study, to handle the issues such as climate change and energy exhaustion, we investigated purification and upgrading of biogas to enhance practical use and efficiency of biogas produced after treating organic waste. The suggestions of removal technology for H2S among biogas components produced by using organic waste and H2S control process to meet specifications for each place using biogas facilitate actions against the change in H2S production caused by the change in its raw material. The places using biogas became to be expanded because biogas upgrading equipment was used to remove CO2 from biogas to enhance the purity of CH4. To establish the optimal operation condition, significant operatingfactors of biogas upgrading equipment using a membrane, i.e. temperature, pressure and flow rate, were controlled and also gas properties and a recovery rate were analyzed. In the desulfurization process, O2 injection was selected for biochemical desulfurization as a first step and dry desulfurization using iron oxides was for chemical desulfurization as a second step and dehumidifying desulfurization was for physical desulfurization as a third step. In biochemical desulfurization, the efficiency was most excellent when O2 concentration of biogas was 0.5%. In dry desulfurization using iron oxides, the efficiency rapidly had decreased since the saturation point depending on duration of use. Therefore, to reduce inconvenience due to the change of filter media and also the cost, two tanks were designed as parallel and O2 was injected to the tank close to expire for reduction. The device for dry desulfurization using iron oxides showed the efficiency of 100% even with 3049 ppm of H2S. In physical desulfurization, equipment to remove moisture inside biogas is positively necessary and desulfurization is also performed during this process. The efficiency of desulfurization was high as 100% up to 214 ppm of H2S and 68.89~100% between 357 and 714 ppm. The efficiency rapidly decreased with 700 ppm of H2S or higher in biogas provided. The maximum removal of H2S during physical desulfurization, the third step, was 1076ppm when desulfurization shear was 3707 ppm. In equipment for biogas upgrading using a membrane, CH4 concentration in upgrading gas showed changes of 89.4~96.3% depending on operation conditions and the operation condition showing the highest concentration was 50℃ as gas heating temperature, 0.58 MPa as supply pressure, 4.0 m3/h as supply flow rate and the recovery rate under this condition was 67.9%. When gas heating temperature was 48℃ and membrane supply flow rate was 4.0 m3/h for operation, all results showed CH4 concentration more than 95% regardless of supply pressure (0.50~0.70 MPa). The operation condition for biogas upgrading equipment using a membrane that showed CH4 purity more than 95% was 48~52℃ as gas heating temperature, 0.62 MPa or higher as supply pressure, 4.0~4.5 m3/h as supply flow rate. The optimal operation condition for upgrading equipment using a membrane was 48℃ as gas heating temperature, 0.5 MPa as supply pressure and 5.0 m3/h as supply flow rate in consideration of energy required for heating and CH4 recovery rate.
Recently, issues on energy and the environment are being magnified and especially, treatment of organic waste is one of the major concerns. In this study, to handle the issues such as climate change and energy exhaustion, we investigated purification and upgrading of biogas to enhance practical use and efficiency of biogas produced after treating organic waste. The suggestions of removal technology for H2S among biogas components produced by using organic waste and H2S control process to meet specifications for each place using biogas facilitate actions against the change in H2S production caused by the change in its raw material. The places using biogas became to be expanded because biogas upgrading equipment was used to remove CO2 from biogas to enhance the purity of CH4. To establish the optimal operation condition, significant operatingfactors of biogas upgrading equipment using a membrane, i.e. temperature, pressure and flow rate, were controlled and also gas properties and a recovery rate were analyzed. In the desulfurization process, O2 injection was selected for biochemical desulfurization as a first step and dry desulfurization using iron oxides was for chemical desulfurization as a second step and dehumidifying desulfurization was for physical desulfurization as a third step. In biochemical desulfurization, the efficiency was most excellent when O2 concentration of biogas was 0.5%. In dry desulfurization using iron oxides, the efficiency rapidly had decreased since the saturation point depending on duration of use. Therefore, to reduce inconvenience due to the change of filter media and also the cost, two tanks were designed as parallel and O2 was injected to the tank close to expire for reduction. The device for dry desulfurization using iron oxides showed the efficiency of 100% even with 3049 ppm of H2S. In physical desulfurization, equipment to remove moisture inside biogas is positively necessary and desulfurization is also performed during this process. The efficiency of desulfurization was high as 100% up to 214 ppm of H2S and 68.89~100% between 357 and 714 ppm. The efficiency rapidly decreased with 700 ppm of H2S or higher in biogas provided. The maximum removal of H2S during physical desulfurization, the third step, was 1076ppm when desulfurization shear was 3707 ppm. In equipment for biogas upgrading using a membrane, CH4 concentration in upgrading gas showed changes of 89.4~96.3% depending on operation conditions and the operation condition showing the highest concentration was 50℃ as gas heating temperature, 0.58 MPa as supply pressure, 4.0 m3/h as supply flow rate and the recovery rate under this condition was 67.9%. When gas heating temperature was 48℃ and membrane supply flow rate was 4.0 m3/h for operation, all results showed CH4 concentration more than 95% regardless of supply pressure (0.50~0.70 MPa). The operation condition for biogas upgrading equipment using a membrane that showed CH4 purity more than 95% was 48~52℃ as gas heating temperature, 0.62 MPa or higher as supply pressure, 4.0~4.5 m3/h as supply flow rate. The optimal operation condition for upgrading equipment using a membrane was 48℃ as gas heating temperature, 0.5 MPa as supply pressure and 5.0 m3/h as supply flow rate in consideration of energy required for heating and CH4 recovery rate.
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