Terminology has been often understood as a set of words used only by experts in a specialized area. However, current trend in this information oriented modern society is that the boundaries between industries are crumbling down while variety and diversity in every area become noticeable. Thus each state tends to enact standardization of terminology in a specific area to help its people to use them easily and properly. Many of medical terminology used ...
Terminology has been often understood as a set of words used only by experts in a specialized area. However, current trend in this information oriented modern society is that the boundaries between industries are crumbling down while variety and diversity in every area become noticeable. Thus each state tends to enact standardization of terminology in a specific area to help its people to use them easily and properly. Many of medical terminology used in Korea are not fit into to the real situation as they were adopted from Japanese words which had been also adopted from English words, and some of them were translated from English in a strange manner. However, as of the publication of Medical Terminology, 4th Edition(Korean Medical Association, 2001), a number of terminology were changed into native Korean words and easy words although Medical Terminology, 5th Edition included the terminology contained in 3rd and 4th Edition in order to provide easy reference to users. This thesis reviewed and analyzed the terminology contained in Medical Terminology, 2009 from Korean linguistic perspective. In Chapter 2, the definition of terminology and synonym are listed and then the characteristic identified during the course of the process of purification, principle of coinage of words, and orthography are analyzed. In the past the users and areas of use of terminology were limited to expert group, but currently they Framework Act on the National Language, Dictionary, academic study views that they have been expanded to general people. Technical term is defined as a broad concept that covers terminology, related words and phrase, and terminology is classified as academic terminology and professional terminology. Academic terminology is a synonym of academic or technical terminology. Professional terminology grew away from academic concept, and changed into argotic words specifically developed in a specific profession. Thus medical terminology can be defined as words used in a area where method and technique of maintenance of health, disease, treatment and prevention of disease are studied. Then the process of revision of Korean medical terminology which has specific characteristic reflecting times at the time of introduction from foreign languages. Korean Medical Association published Medical Terminology, Edition 1 in 1997 with the second edition in 1984 where one Korean word was coined for a foreign terminology. Medical Terminology, Edition 3 included some of Korean native words from anatomical terminology. In 1996, Medical Terminology of South and North Korea was published, which influenced medical terminology being used in each country. Medical Terminology, Edition 4(2001) made a considerable revision which changed Japanese style terminology and jargon into native Korean words or easy Chinese characters. In 2005, Essential Medical Terminology was published and in 2009, Medical Terminology, 5th Edition was published commemorating the 100th anniversary of Korean Medical Association. The fifth edition includes both words of 3th edition and 4th edition to provide easy reference to users. Then Medical Terminology are reviewed from the perspective of the principle of language formation and development suggested by Then ISO, KORTERM, 리수락, KAOAS. Reviewing the medical terminology in terms of with the principle of terminological monosemy, transparency, consistency, appropriateness, economics, unity of between each academic area, preference of mother tongue, and easy words found that they have been well formed and developed reflecting such principles. In regard of transparency, it was pointed out that 복사 is used erroneously as 복사뼈. As to consistency, it is proposed that all the medical terminology with ‘-cele’ should be translated consistently into ‘-탈출증/-류' In addition, in the case that the meaning of a word is not communicated appropriately, it is suggested that terminological monesemy or transparency should be emphasized over economics by using an example of ‘피판’. With respect to unity of between each academic area, it is proposed that the unity needs to be pursued considering terminology used in the most direct and professional area. Relating to grammar, '사이시옷' and loanword orthography are addressed. When a long word that was made through combining many words has no word spacing, the principle is that they require 사이시옷 in formality as a compound noun, but it is difficult to apply a consistent principle because in substance it is phrase or clause and sometimes it is difficult to know the exact pronunciation. So it is suggested the more detailed criteria or flexible one are required. The orthography in medical terminology such as that for name of enzyme shows most significant difference in comparison with scientific area. Orthography that are based on a English pronunciation is adopted for Scientific words, but German or Latin pronunciation that had been used from old times are more considered for medical terminology. Chapter 3 reviews the type of translation for medical terminology. Cases where affixes of original language are translated into those of Korean, and base into base as they are reviewed, and also cases where compound words of original language are translated into those of Korean were reviewed. And the cases where explanation, supplement, analogy, and ellipsis are used rather than just word to word matching are reviewed as well. In medical terminology, explanation and analogy are more used than word to word matching for easy translation. Sometimes suffixes are omitted for the sake of economics. There are cases where one syllables Chinese character are used as base. In chapter 4, word types of medical terminology is analyzed. The frequency of use of native Korean words has been increasing from the time of publication of Medical Terminology, 4th Edition. Terminology using Chinese characters were changed into native Korean words, and loanword into native Korean words or combined words of loanword and native Korean words. Chinese characters well functioning as abbreviation are frequently used to coin medical terminology. Most of form factor or highly frequently used words consist of Chinese character and if additional component needs to be added, native Korean words tends to be preferred. However, Japanese Chinese character or difficult Chinese character often die away as they are considered to be purified as a first priority. In case of loanword, it is most important to translate them into Korean words that had been generally used at the time of introduction of them. Efforts have been made to change them into native Korean words or easy Chinese characters except for name of persons, medication, medicinal compound, or enzyme for which translation is not necessary or some loanwords that are so familiar to public. In addition, a variety of loanblends are often used for the sake of convenience for coinage of words, and accuracy and easiness of delivery of meaning. Medical Terminology, 5th Edition provides two spate words for one foreign terminology, but it is recommendable to unify them into a single one. Chapter 5 conducts morphologic analysis. It identifies a single base for each word type, and also native Korean words, Chinese character prefix and suffix that were used in formation and development of medical terminology with relevant examples. It is noted that usage of preexisting one syllable affix can be very productive in dealing with vastly increasing number of terminology. Even though affix has its own limitation in terms of distribution, medical terminology do not pay much attention to such limitation as they use them only as means of delivery of meaning. In specific, the use of prefix in medical terminology is more frequent than in general Korean, and Korean native affix is often used intentionally. It is also found that in many cases Chinese character affixes were changed into Korean native affixes, or Chinese roots were changed into one syllable affixes. Besides, duplex derivatives using prefix and suffix are ofen used, which reduces the number of syllables. Korean native prefixes that appear highly frequently are 덧, 뒤, 맞, 풋 and in case of Chinese character prefixes, 고, 과, 내, 다, 무, 외, 저. And 개, (으)ㅁ, are frequently used as Korean native suffixes while 술, 제, 증, 화. are often used as Chinese character suffixes. Most of medical terminology are compound words. It is not an easy task to distinguish whether a word that has gone through a number of deviation and compound process is compound noun, or phrase, or derivative or compound noun. In this case IC analysis is conducted from the perspective of relevance to meaning. When it comes to understanding a terminology, identifying the accurate meaning of original language is very important. As for compound word, morphologic analysis is conducted after dividing them into syntactic compound and asyntactic compound. Most Syntactic compound are such type as combination of a noun and a noun. The type of combination of adnominal form of a word and a noun comes after that and the type of combination of determiner and noun comes as a third comes then. In medical terminology, asyntactic compound tend to be easily made for purpose of accurate delivery of meaning and economics of words. Combing adverb or adverbial root and noun, connecting stem directly to noun, or intentional omitting of syllable are good examples. Chapter 6 provides list of basic words related to the structure of human body, diseases and treatment after classifying medical terminology into digestive system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, urinary system, genital system, nerve system, skeletal system, muscular system, integumentary system, special sensory system, and endocrine system. Given national tendency for standardization of technical terminology, it is understood that medical community has properly and actively accepted the standardization of medical terminology. It prefers easy or native words, and are making good efforts to observe grammatical rule well. A single syllable Chinese character such as 근, 염, 증, 통 is used as base and use of affixes are very active. Specially, Korean native affixes are frequently being used, and in comparison with general Korean, the prefix and duplex derivative words are used more frequently. As mentioned above, although affixes have limitation in distribution, medical terminology uses them without such limitation while focusing more on delivery of meaning. With regard to compound words, it is also a feature that non-syntactic are easily formed through combination of components without limitation for the sake of delivery of meaning and economics of words.
Terminology has been often understood as a set of words used only by experts in a specialized area. However, current trend in this information oriented modern society is that the boundaries between industries are crumbling down while variety and diversity in every area become noticeable. Thus each state tends to enact standardization of terminology in a specific area to help its people to use them easily and properly. Many of medical terminology used in Korea are not fit into to the real situation as they were adopted from Japanese words which had been also adopted from English words, and some of them were translated from English in a strange manner. However, as of the publication of Medical Terminology, 4th Edition(Korean Medical Association, 2001), a number of terminology were changed into native Korean words and easy words although Medical Terminology, 5th Edition included the terminology contained in 3rd and 4th Edition in order to provide easy reference to users. This thesis reviewed and analyzed the terminology contained in Medical Terminology, 2009 from Korean linguistic perspective. In Chapter 2, the definition of terminology and synonym are listed and then the characteristic identified during the course of the process of purification, principle of coinage of words, and orthography are analyzed. In the past the users and areas of use of terminology were limited to expert group, but currently they Framework Act on the National Language, Dictionary, academic study views that they have been expanded to general people. Technical term is defined as a broad concept that covers terminology, related words and phrase, and terminology is classified as academic terminology and professional terminology. Academic terminology is a synonym of academic or technical terminology. Professional terminology grew away from academic concept, and changed into argotic words specifically developed in a specific profession. Thus medical terminology can be defined as words used in a area where method and technique of maintenance of health, disease, treatment and prevention of disease are studied. Then the process of revision of Korean medical terminology which has specific characteristic reflecting times at the time of introduction from foreign languages. Korean Medical Association published Medical Terminology, Edition 1 in 1997 with the second edition in 1984 where one Korean word was coined for a foreign terminology. Medical Terminology, Edition 3 included some of Korean native words from anatomical terminology. In 1996, Medical Terminology of South and North Korea was published, which influenced medical terminology being used in each country. Medical Terminology, Edition 4(2001) made a considerable revision which changed Japanese style terminology and jargon into native Korean words or easy Chinese characters. In 2005, Essential Medical Terminology was published and in 2009, Medical Terminology, 5th Edition was published commemorating the 100th anniversary of Korean Medical Association. The fifth edition includes both words of 3th edition and 4th edition to provide easy reference to users. Then Medical Terminology are reviewed from the perspective of the principle of language formation and development suggested by Then ISO, KORTERM, 리수락, KAOAS. Reviewing the medical terminology in terms of with the principle of terminological monosemy, transparency, consistency, appropriateness, economics, unity of between each academic area, preference of mother tongue, and easy words found that they have been well formed and developed reflecting such principles. In regard of transparency, it was pointed out that 복사 is used erroneously as 복사뼈. As to consistency, it is proposed that all the medical terminology with ‘-cele’ should be translated consistently into ‘-탈출증/-류' In addition, in the case that the meaning of a word is not communicated appropriately, it is suggested that terminological monesemy or transparency should be emphasized over economics by using an example of ‘피판’. With respect to unity of between each academic area, it is proposed that the unity needs to be pursued considering terminology used in the most direct and professional area. Relating to grammar, '사이시옷' and loanword orthography are addressed. When a long word that was made through combining many words has no word spacing, the principle is that they require 사이시옷 in formality as a compound noun, but it is difficult to apply a consistent principle because in substance it is phrase or clause and sometimes it is difficult to know the exact pronunciation. So it is suggested the more detailed criteria or flexible one are required. The orthography in medical terminology such as that for name of enzyme shows most significant difference in comparison with scientific area. Orthography that are based on a English pronunciation is adopted for Scientific words, but German or Latin pronunciation that had been used from old times are more considered for medical terminology. Chapter 3 reviews the type of translation for medical terminology. Cases where affixes of original language are translated into those of Korean, and base into base as they are reviewed, and also cases where compound words of original language are translated into those of Korean were reviewed. And the cases where explanation, supplement, analogy, and ellipsis are used rather than just word to word matching are reviewed as well. In medical terminology, explanation and analogy are more used than word to word matching for easy translation. Sometimes suffixes are omitted for the sake of economics. There are cases where one syllables Chinese character are used as base. In chapter 4, word types of medical terminology is analyzed. The frequency of use of native Korean words has been increasing from the time of publication of Medical Terminology, 4th Edition. Terminology using Chinese characters were changed into native Korean words, and loanword into native Korean words or combined words of loanword and native Korean words. Chinese characters well functioning as abbreviation are frequently used to coin medical terminology. Most of form factor or highly frequently used words consist of Chinese character and if additional component needs to be added, native Korean words tends to be preferred. However, Japanese Chinese character or difficult Chinese character often die away as they are considered to be purified as a first priority. In case of loanword, it is most important to translate them into Korean words that had been generally used at the time of introduction of them. Efforts have been made to change them into native Korean words or easy Chinese characters except for name of persons, medication, medicinal compound, or enzyme for which translation is not necessary or some loanwords that are so familiar to public. In addition, a variety of loanblends are often used for the sake of convenience for coinage of words, and accuracy and easiness of delivery of meaning. Medical Terminology, 5th Edition provides two spate words for one foreign terminology, but it is recommendable to unify them into a single one. Chapter 5 conducts morphologic analysis. It identifies a single base for each word type, and also native Korean words, Chinese character prefix and suffix that were used in formation and development of medical terminology with relevant examples. It is noted that usage of preexisting one syllable affix can be very productive in dealing with vastly increasing number of terminology. Even though affix has its own limitation in terms of distribution, medical terminology do not pay much attention to such limitation as they use them only as means of delivery of meaning. In specific, the use of prefix in medical terminology is more frequent than in general Korean, and Korean native affix is often used intentionally. It is also found that in many cases Chinese character affixes were changed into Korean native affixes, or Chinese roots were changed into one syllable affixes. Besides, duplex derivatives using prefix and suffix are ofen used, which reduces the number of syllables. Korean native prefixes that appear highly frequently are 덧, 뒤, 맞, 풋 and in case of Chinese character prefixes, 고, 과, 내, 다, 무, 외, 저. And 개, (으)ㅁ, are frequently used as Korean native suffixes while 술, 제, 증, 화. are often used as Chinese character suffixes. Most of medical terminology are compound words. It is not an easy task to distinguish whether a word that has gone through a number of deviation and compound process is compound noun, or phrase, or derivative or compound noun. In this case IC analysis is conducted from the perspective of relevance to meaning. When it comes to understanding a terminology, identifying the accurate meaning of original language is very important. As for compound word, morphologic analysis is conducted after dividing them into syntactic compound and asyntactic compound. Most Syntactic compound are such type as combination of a noun and a noun. The type of combination of adnominal form of a word and a noun comes after that and the type of combination of determiner and noun comes as a third comes then. In medical terminology, asyntactic compound tend to be easily made for purpose of accurate delivery of meaning and economics of words. Combing adverb or adverbial root and noun, connecting stem directly to noun, or intentional omitting of syllable are good examples. Chapter 6 provides list of basic words related to the structure of human body, diseases and treatment after classifying medical terminology into digestive system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, urinary system, genital system, nerve system, skeletal system, muscular system, integumentary system, special sensory system, and endocrine system. Given national tendency for standardization of technical terminology, it is understood that medical community has properly and actively accepted the standardization of medical terminology. It prefers easy or native words, and are making good efforts to observe grammatical rule well. A single syllable Chinese character such as 근, 염, 증, 통 is used as base and use of affixes are very active. Specially, Korean native affixes are frequently being used, and in comparison with general Korean, the prefix and duplex derivative words are used more frequently. As mentioned above, although affixes have limitation in distribution, medical terminology uses them without such limitation while focusing more on delivery of meaning. With regard to compound words, it is also a feature that non-syntactic are easily formed through combination of components without limitation for the sake of delivery of meaning and economics of words.
주제어
#medical terminology principle of language formation Japanese style terminology loanword loanblend affix basic words
학위논문 정보
저자
정영란
학위수여기관
충북대학교
학위구분
국내박사
학과
국어교육과(원)
발행연도
2014
총페이지
xii, 175 p.
키워드
medical terminology principle of language formation Japanese style terminology loanword loanblend affix basic words
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