Entering into the 21’st century, the public diplomacy has been emerged as the new focus of Chinese foreign policy due to three reasons: i) the rising global influence of China, ii) the external challenges from the negative international public opinion environment and foreign societies and iii) the r...
Entering into the 21’st century, the public diplomacy has been emerged as the new focus of Chinese foreign policy due to three reasons: i) the rising global influence of China, ii) the external challenges from the negative international public opinion environment and foreign societies and iii) the reform pressure from Chinese internal society system. Therefore, Chinese government has started to pay more attention on the combination of national strategy and public diplomacy. The Chinese government has started not only to enhance the structure and mechanism of public diplomacy, but also to carry out various practical activities.
In order to reveal how Chinese government responds to challenges from globalization and information age and the changing status in international stage with its rising power, this study analyzed the enhancement of Chinese public diplomacy system on two different but interrelating aspects: One is the policy structure under the Communist Party of China Central Committee (CPC CC), state council and the non-governmental institutions. The other one is the implementation of the sub-organs such as cultural diplomacy and media diplomacy.
More specifically, the state council information office (International communication office of CPC CC), which is under the central committee of Chinese communist party, plays a key role (policy maker) in the Chinese public diplomacy. The state council information office is responsible for regularly publishing white paper in five fields, which are national conditions, local issues, diplomacy, national defense and human rights. Also, it is the planner for various culture and art communication events. The public diplomacy office of the ministry of foreign affairs, which is under the state council, plays a coordinator role in the Chinese public diplomacy. Also, it is the manager for Internet public diplomacy in China. The non-governmental institutions play an assistant role in the Chinese public diplomacy. For example, the national committee of the Chinese people’s political consultative conference (CPPCC), which is the non-governmental institution, carries out the public diplomacy through three civilian platforms: China committee on religion and peace, China economic and social council and the 21’st century forum.
China has many resources for public diplomacy. Therefore, different kinds of public diplomacy are designed to match with different targets. The cultural diplomacy consists of three parts, which are international education program, culture and art communication and hosting international events. Confucius Institutes play a key role in the international education program. By the end of 2013, the number of Confucius Institutes has reached 440 worldwide. “Reading China”, one of the representatives of culture and art communication, is in the charge of state council information office. Boao Forum for Asia, one of the representatives of international events, is becoming the important platform for Chinese public diplomacy. The media diplomacy also consists of three parts, which are public media (such as radio and TV), press spokesman system and the Internet. Particularly, the Internet public diplomacy can timely learn public opinions from both internal and external society. Therefore, the Internet public diplomacy is the most important one among the three parts.
Through this research, three strategic diplomatic targets are found: the improvement of national image, the acquisition of ruling legitimacy and winning power of discourse. All the three targets have a close relationship with the Chinese national development strategy, and therefore it can be predicted that Chinese public diplomacy would be further enhanced through the strong leading of Chinese government. Further, the proposed Chinese public diplomacy system is verified by a case study about China-Korea public diplomacy. The contents of China-Korea public diplomacy mainly include Confucius Institutes, culture and arts communication and high-level professional forums, aiming to improve the Chinese country image among the Korean.
Also, the limitation of the proposed Chinese public diplomacy system is studied. The limitation for the effectiveness of Chinese public diplomacy is caused by strong state power and weak civil society. More specifically, the public diplomacy is naturally from bottom up, however the Chinese public diplomacy is mainly conducted by government, which has following three drawbacks: i) Chinese public diplomacy impedes the integration of various social resources and cannot arouse the enthusiasm of non-governmental institutions and individuals in the society; ii) the executors of Chinese public diplomacy tend to trap into the dilemma that whether they should execute the policy according to the market rules or execute the policy according to party line; iii) Chinese public diplomacy cannot make full use of its various resources of public diplomacy and cannot explicitly convey its core value of the country.
Entering into the 21’st century, the public diplomacy has been emerged as the new focus of Chinese foreign policy due to three reasons: i) the rising global influence of China, ii) the external challenges from the negative international public opinion environment and foreign societies and iii) the reform pressure from Chinese internal society system. Therefore, Chinese government has started to pay more attention on the combination of national strategy and public diplomacy. The Chinese government has started not only to enhance the structure and mechanism of public diplomacy, but also to carry out various practical activities.
In order to reveal how Chinese government responds to challenges from globalization and information age and the changing status in international stage with its rising power, this study analyzed the enhancement of Chinese public diplomacy system on two different but interrelating aspects: One is the policy structure under the Communist Party of China Central Committee (CPC CC), state council and the non-governmental institutions. The other one is the implementation of the sub-organs such as cultural diplomacy and media diplomacy.
More specifically, the state council information office (International communication office of CPC CC), which is under the central committee of Chinese communist party, plays a key role (policy maker) in the Chinese public diplomacy. The state council information office is responsible for regularly publishing white paper in five fields, which are national conditions, local issues, diplomacy, national defense and human rights. Also, it is the planner for various culture and art communication events. The public diplomacy office of the ministry of foreign affairs, which is under the state council, plays a coordinator role in the Chinese public diplomacy. Also, it is the manager for Internet public diplomacy in China. The non-governmental institutions play an assistant role in the Chinese public diplomacy. For example, the national committee of the Chinese people’s political consultative conference (CPPCC), which is the non-governmental institution, carries out the public diplomacy through three civilian platforms: China committee on religion and peace, China economic and social council and the 21’st century forum.
China has many resources for public diplomacy. Therefore, different kinds of public diplomacy are designed to match with different targets. The cultural diplomacy consists of three parts, which are international education program, culture and art communication and hosting international events. Confucius Institutes play a key role in the international education program. By the end of 2013, the number of Confucius Institutes has reached 440 worldwide. “Reading China”, one of the representatives of culture and art communication, is in the charge of state council information office. Boao Forum for Asia, one of the representatives of international events, is becoming the important platform for Chinese public diplomacy. The media diplomacy also consists of three parts, which are public media (such as radio and TV), press spokesman system and the Internet. Particularly, the Internet public diplomacy can timely learn public opinions from both internal and external society. Therefore, the Internet public diplomacy is the most important one among the three parts.
Through this research, three strategic diplomatic targets are found: the improvement of national image, the acquisition of ruling legitimacy and winning power of discourse. All the three targets have a close relationship with the Chinese national development strategy, and therefore it can be predicted that Chinese public diplomacy would be further enhanced through the strong leading of Chinese government. Further, the proposed Chinese public diplomacy system is verified by a case study about China-Korea public diplomacy. The contents of China-Korea public diplomacy mainly include Confucius Institutes, culture and arts communication and high-level professional forums, aiming to improve the Chinese country image among the Korean.
Also, the limitation of the proposed Chinese public diplomacy system is studied. The limitation for the effectiveness of Chinese public diplomacy is caused by strong state power and weak civil society. More specifically, the public diplomacy is naturally from bottom up, however the Chinese public diplomacy is mainly conducted by government, which has following three drawbacks: i) Chinese public diplomacy impedes the integration of various social resources and cannot arouse the enthusiasm of non-governmental institutions and individuals in the society; ii) the executors of Chinese public diplomacy tend to trap into the dilemma that whether they should execute the policy according to the market rules or execute the policy according to party line; iii) Chinese public diplomacy cannot make full use of its various resources of public diplomacy and cannot explicitly convey its core value of the country.
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