This study was performed to investigate the chemical components of H. dulcis parts and to evaluate its antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and hepatoprotective activity for providing the basic data which was necessary for developing new medicine and functional food materials. The results wa...
This study was performed to investigate the chemical components of H. dulcis parts and to evaluate its antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and hepatoprotective activity for providing the basic data which was necessary for developing new medicine and functional food materials. The results was as followings: 1. The moisture content of H. dulcis parts were ranged from 4.66% to 13.33%. The content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash from Hovenia dulcis leaf were higher than those of fruit and branch. The branch part contained the highest crude fiber content among the part of H. dulcis. The nitrogen free extracts of H. dulcis parts were ranged from 37.43% to 63.83%. 3. The main components of free sugars in H. dulcis were fructose and glucose. The content of total free sugar in the fruit was the highest among the part of H. dulcis 4. A citric acid was the major organic acid in fruit and branch of H. dulcis, and its contents were 1,260.35 mg% and 1,076.59 mg%, in the fruit and branch, respectively. The highest content of organic acid in the leaf of H. dulcis was malic acid by 1,372.62 mg%. Among mineral components, Potassium showed the highest content in the H. dulcis parts 5. As a result of analysing for total amino acid, phenylalanine (274.65mg%), proline (212.51mg%), arginine (177.47mg%) and glutamic acid (141.09mg%) showed higher components in the fruit of H. dulcis, while proline (358.86mg%), glutamic acid (312.94mg%), tyrosine (284.39mg%) and aspartic acid (229.13mg%) were followed in the branch part. The content of tyrosine was the highest in the leaf of H. dulcis. Among the parts of H. dulcis, the leaf showed highest among of total amino acids. 6. With regard to free amino acids in the fruit of H. dulcis was the proline(115.92 mg%), isoleucine(17.02mg%) and glutamic acid(9.65mg%), the proline content in the branch of H. dulcis was the highest by 114.05mg% and followed by arginine(37.07mg%) and aspartic acid(15.79mg%). The content of free amino acids from leaf of H. dulcis was high in orders of glutamic acid(510.34mg%), leucine(367.84mg%) and proline(359.71mg%). comparing with the parts of H. dulcis, the leaf showed the highest amount of total amino acids. 7. The contents of vitamin C in fruit, branch and leaf were 430.26 mg%, 367.85 mg%, 336.21 mg%, respectively. The content of β-carotene in fruit, branch and leaf were 0.09 mg%, 0.15 mg%, 2.41 mg%, respectively. The content of vitamin E(tocopherol) in fruit, branch and leaf were 12.54 mg%, 12.81 mg% and 21.96 mg%, respectively. 8. The contents of total polyphenols in fruit, branch and leaf of H. dulcis were 499.98 mg%, 2,951.21 mg% and 3,063.73 mg%, respectively. The contents of catechins in fruit, branch and leaf of H. dulcis were 35.46 mg%, 25.49 mg% and 4.89 mg%, respectively. In abundant catechin components, catechin and epicatechin the highest by 9.14 mg% and 14.96 mg% in the part of branch, while Epigallocatechin was the highest in the part of fruit. 9. The ethanol extracts showed higher activity for SOD in the branch and leaf samples, but not for DPPH radical scavenging. Among the solvent extracts, the ethanol extracts from the branch of H. dulcis showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 50 ug/mL. 10. In the antimicrobial activities of H. dulcis, the ethanol extracts from the fruit of H. dulcis showed the highest activity against E. coli among the samples. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract from H. dulcis leaf was 0.15~0.25 mg/mL against target strains. The antimicrobial substances of the ethanol extract from H. dulcis leaf was not affected with pH changes or heating pretreatment. 11. The primary hepatocytes were exposed to different concentration for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The extracts of H. dulcis parts were not affected to cell viability. And the extracts of H. dulcis were increased the primary hepatocyte cell viability concentration at 500 ㎍/mL. 12. Hepatoprotective effects on acetaminophen induced cytotoxicity in primary hepatocyte. The primary hepatocytes were treated with extracts and acetaminophen for 24 hours. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed using MTT assay. The ethanol extract of H. dulcis leaf was the highest on hepatoprotective effect. The hepatoprotective effect of solvent extract from H. dulcis parts were high in orders of fruit ethanol extract, branch ethanol extract, fruit water extract, leaf water extract and branch water extract. 13. Hepatoprotective effects on acetaminophen induced cytotoxicityin primary hepatocyte. Hepatoprotective effects by LDH, ALT, AST assay of H. dulcis extracts were high in order of fruit hot water extract, branch hot water extract, leaf hot water extract, fruit ethanol extract, branch ethanol extract and leaf ethanol extract.
This study was performed to investigate the chemical components of H. dulcis parts and to evaluate its antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and hepatoprotective activity for providing the basic data which was necessary for developing new medicine and functional food materials. The results was as followings: 1. The moisture content of H. dulcis parts were ranged from 4.66% to 13.33%. The content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash from Hovenia dulcis leaf were higher than those of fruit and branch. The branch part contained the highest crude fiber content among the part of H. dulcis. The nitrogen free extracts of H. dulcis parts were ranged from 37.43% to 63.83%. 3. The main components of free sugars in H. dulcis were fructose and glucose. The content of total free sugar in the fruit was the highest among the part of H. dulcis 4. A citric acid was the major organic acid in fruit and branch of H. dulcis, and its contents were 1,260.35 mg% and 1,076.59 mg%, in the fruit and branch, respectively. The highest content of organic acid in the leaf of H. dulcis was malic acid by 1,372.62 mg%. Among mineral components, Potassium showed the highest content in the H. dulcis parts 5. As a result of analysing for total amino acid, phenylalanine (274.65mg%), proline (212.51mg%), arginine (177.47mg%) and glutamic acid (141.09mg%) showed higher components in the fruit of H. dulcis, while proline (358.86mg%), glutamic acid (312.94mg%), tyrosine (284.39mg%) and aspartic acid (229.13mg%) were followed in the branch part. The content of tyrosine was the highest in the leaf of H. dulcis. Among the parts of H. dulcis, the leaf showed highest among of total amino acids. 6. With regard to free amino acids in the fruit of H. dulcis was the proline(115.92 mg%), isoleucine(17.02mg%) and glutamic acid(9.65mg%), the proline content in the branch of H. dulcis was the highest by 114.05mg% and followed by arginine(37.07mg%) and aspartic acid(15.79mg%). The content of free amino acids from leaf of H. dulcis was high in orders of glutamic acid(510.34mg%), leucine(367.84mg%) and proline(359.71mg%). comparing with the parts of H. dulcis, the leaf showed the highest amount of total amino acids. 7. The contents of vitamin C in fruit, branch and leaf were 430.26 mg%, 367.85 mg%, 336.21 mg%, respectively. The content of β-carotene in fruit, branch and leaf were 0.09 mg%, 0.15 mg%, 2.41 mg%, respectively. The content of vitamin E(tocopherol) in fruit, branch and leaf were 12.54 mg%, 12.81 mg% and 21.96 mg%, respectively. 8. The contents of total polyphenols in fruit, branch and leaf of H. dulcis were 499.98 mg%, 2,951.21 mg% and 3,063.73 mg%, respectively. The contents of catechins in fruit, branch and leaf of H. dulcis were 35.46 mg%, 25.49 mg% and 4.89 mg%, respectively. In abundant catechin components, catechin and epicatechin the highest by 9.14 mg% and 14.96 mg% in the part of branch, while Epigallocatechin was the highest in the part of fruit. 9. The ethanol extracts showed higher activity for SOD in the branch and leaf samples, but not for DPPH radical scavenging. Among the solvent extracts, the ethanol extracts from the branch of H. dulcis showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 50 ug/mL. 10. In the antimicrobial activities of H. dulcis, the ethanol extracts from the fruit of H. dulcis showed the highest activity against E. coli among the samples. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract from H. dulcis leaf was 0.15~0.25 mg/mL against target strains. The antimicrobial substances of the ethanol extract from H. dulcis leaf was not affected with pH changes or heating pretreatment. 11. The primary hepatocytes were exposed to different concentration for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The extracts of H. dulcis parts were not affected to cell viability. And the extracts of H. dulcis were increased the primary hepatocyte cell viability concentration at 500 ㎍/mL. 12. Hepatoprotective effects on acetaminophen induced cytotoxicity in primary hepatocyte. The primary hepatocytes were treated with extracts and acetaminophen for 24 hours. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed using MTT assay. The ethanol extract of H. dulcis leaf was the highest on hepatoprotective effect. The hepatoprotective effect of solvent extract from H. dulcis parts were high in orders of fruit ethanol extract, branch ethanol extract, fruit water extract, leaf water extract and branch water extract. 13. Hepatoprotective effects on acetaminophen induced cytotoxicityin primary hepatocyte. Hepatoprotective effects by LDH, ALT, AST assay of H. dulcis extracts were high in order of fruit hot water extract, branch hot water extract, leaf hot water extract, fruit ethanol extract, branch ethanol extract and leaf ethanol extract.
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