If final ending plays a role to express honorific system and to decide types of phrases, connective ending plays a role to connect verses and clauses and to express meanings between two propositions. However, in real linguistic life, connective ending’s original meaning and syntactic role change and...
If final ending plays a role to express honorific system and to decide types of phrases, connective ending plays a role to connect verses and clauses and to express meanings between two propositions. However, in real linguistic life, connective ending’s original meaning and syntactic role change and it functions as final ending in the end of the clause. The phenomenon usually happens in spoken language, and it is called as ‘connective ending’s becoming final ending’. In this article, endings from connective to final one due to change of its function are defined as ‘informal final ending of spoken language’. In order to figure out the real examples of language use, concerns and studies about various phenomena in spoken language is very important. Therefore, to examine causes of becoming final ending in spoken language discourse situations and to analyze characteristics of informal final endings is required to review natural linguistic life of speaking people. In particular, connective ending and final ending are closely related to characteristics of Korean and have very significant positions in grammatical elements. Accordingly, it will be valuable to study about informal final ending from connective ending. In this study, it requires the selection of informal final endings’ list based on some criteria in order to study characteristics systematically characteristics of connective ending’s becoming final ending. Therefore, conditions to decide whether connective ending becomes final ending are divided into necessary and sufficient conditions. And then those to meet both conditions are defined as informal final endings. Necessary condition of informal final endings is that it should be used naturally in the position of final ending in discourse of the contemporary Korean spoken language. However, every connective ending which can be situated in final ending’s position is not decided as final ending. In order to become an informal final ending, it should change in meaning and syntax and latter clause cannot be recovered. It becomes an informal final ending when not connecting with latter clause for meaning due to changes in meaning and syntax and completing a discourse. But if condition for informal final ending is change in meaning and syntax, cause of becoming final ending should be figured out in other prospect as well. Generally, in the previous studies, becoming final ending was considered as those by omission and inversion. In this perspective, distinction between connective ending situated in the position of final ending by inversion and omission of latter clause and informal final ending is impossible. Inversion or omission can explain why connective ending is situated in the position of final ending but not for cause of changes in meaning and syntax. In this study, the reason for this seems that connective ending becomes final ending with its own independent meaning and escapes from the relationship with the latter clause, causing changes in meaning and syntax. Characteristics in meaning or syntax of connective ending depend on relationships with latter clause. Therefore, if a connective ending loses a function to have relationship in meaning between former and latter clauses, its characteristics in meaning and syntax also change. And causes of connective ending’s becoming informal final ending is related to expressional intention of a speaker. In informal final ending, there are various aspect meaning which cannot be revealed by the existing final ending only. Therefore, it can express not only characteristics of propositions but also psychological attitude of speaker on it. When using informal ending, speaker’s intention can be effectively revealed, it is also helpful for smooth communication. By applying both these necessary and sufficient endings and selecting informal endings, eight endings of ‘-go, -neunde, -geodeun, -ge, -euryeogo, -dorok, -deunji and –eumyeon’ were extracted. Firstly, with necessary condition, ‘-deuti, -ji and –eundeul’ unclear in their positions as connective endings or not used frequently in the contemporary Korean and ‘-eumyeo, -euna, -geona, -gie, -eumeuro and –ja’, strongly used in written language are excluded in the discussion. And ‘-eoya’ and ‘eulsurok’ not used in the final ending position are excluded as well. And ‘-eoseo, go(seo), -jiman, -eunikka, -eumyeonseo, -daga, -eodo, -jamaja, -neurago and –gilrae’ and so meet necessary condition but do not satisfy sufficient condition. They can be used naturally in the position of final ending but their characteristics in meaning and syntax as connective endings are kept. Therefore, when some proper clauses are recovered with latter ones, they consist of a conjoined sentence. And then, examples of informal final endings, -go, -neunde, -geodeun, -ge, -euryeogo, -dorok, -deunji and –eumyeon’ were analyzed with their characteristics in meaning and syntax as final ending. Firstly, differences between meaning functions as informal ending and as connective ending were studied. Then, syntactical characteristics of informal final ending were studied, and mainly with criteria including inserting connective word, repeating the same connective ending, limiting subject and verb, mood and limit of preceding word’s ending, these characteristics were suggested. In the previous studies, there were studies which simply mentioned about meaning of common characteristics of connective ending becoming final one but there were few studies about similarities in form and syntax. In this study, common characteristics among endings becoming final ones were divided into meaning and syntax perspectives. In form perspective, connective endings with combination of modal marker become easily informal final endings while forms with comprehensive and abstract meaning ‘-go’ or with combination of auxiliary article to ‘eo’ were difficult to become final endings. And for syntactical characteristics, connective ending with connective equality in former and latter clauses or those available for combination of ‘-hada’, an action verb can become final endings easily. Finally, in this article, functions of meaning of endings becoming final ones were studied. Those from connective to final endings are not same with the existing final endings. Informal final ending can express modal meaning in diverse ways. And even the same object of mood, there are differences in meaning or speaker’s attitude. In this study, in case of informal final ending as statement in declarative sentence, served as suggesting and adding information or confuting to other party’s suggestion or question. In case of interrogative sentence, it served as demanding information or revealing suspect on the suggested situation or event. In case of imperative sentence, it served as demanding doing or suggesting. And then, grouping of informal final endings to reveal speaker’s emotion served as expressing emotion. This function of expressing emotions includes not only exclamation but also speaker’s desire and discontent. And these discussions and results is expected to help to predict how connective endings changes and what changes there will be in the system of final ending in Korean and further in Korean grammatical system due to increase of endings becoming final ones, and this article are concluded here.
If final ending plays a role to express honorific system and to decide types of phrases, connective ending plays a role to connect verses and clauses and to express meanings between two propositions. However, in real linguistic life, connective ending’s original meaning and syntactic role change and it functions as final ending in the end of the clause. The phenomenon usually happens in spoken language, and it is called as ‘connective ending’s becoming final ending’. In this article, endings from connective to final one due to change of its function are defined as ‘informal final ending of spoken language’. In order to figure out the real examples of language use, concerns and studies about various phenomena in spoken language is very important. Therefore, to examine causes of becoming final ending in spoken language discourse situations and to analyze characteristics of informal final endings is required to review natural linguistic life of speaking people. In particular, connective ending and final ending are closely related to characteristics of Korean and have very significant positions in grammatical elements. Accordingly, it will be valuable to study about informal final ending from connective ending. In this study, it requires the selection of informal final endings’ list based on some criteria in order to study characteristics systematically characteristics of connective ending’s becoming final ending. Therefore, conditions to decide whether connective ending becomes final ending are divided into necessary and sufficient conditions. And then those to meet both conditions are defined as informal final endings. Necessary condition of informal final endings is that it should be used naturally in the position of final ending in discourse of the contemporary Korean spoken language. However, every connective ending which can be situated in final ending’s position is not decided as final ending. In order to become an informal final ending, it should change in meaning and syntax and latter clause cannot be recovered. It becomes an informal final ending when not connecting with latter clause for meaning due to changes in meaning and syntax and completing a discourse. But if condition for informal final ending is change in meaning and syntax, cause of becoming final ending should be figured out in other prospect as well. Generally, in the previous studies, becoming final ending was considered as those by omission and inversion. In this perspective, distinction between connective ending situated in the position of final ending by inversion and omission of latter clause and informal final ending is impossible. Inversion or omission can explain why connective ending is situated in the position of final ending but not for cause of changes in meaning and syntax. In this study, the reason for this seems that connective ending becomes final ending with its own independent meaning and escapes from the relationship with the latter clause, causing changes in meaning and syntax. Characteristics in meaning or syntax of connective ending depend on relationships with latter clause. Therefore, if a connective ending loses a function to have relationship in meaning between former and latter clauses, its characteristics in meaning and syntax also change. And causes of connective ending’s becoming informal final ending is related to expressional intention of a speaker. In informal final ending, there are various aspect meaning which cannot be revealed by the existing final ending only. Therefore, it can express not only characteristics of propositions but also psychological attitude of speaker on it. When using informal ending, speaker’s intention can be effectively revealed, it is also helpful for smooth communication. By applying both these necessary and sufficient endings and selecting informal endings, eight endings of ‘-go, -neunde, -geodeun, -ge, -euryeogo, -dorok, -deunji and –eumyeon’ were extracted. Firstly, with necessary condition, ‘-deuti, -ji and –eundeul’ unclear in their positions as connective endings or not used frequently in the contemporary Korean and ‘-eumyeo, -euna, -geona, -gie, -eumeuro and –ja’, strongly used in written language are excluded in the discussion. And ‘-eoya’ and ‘eulsurok’ not used in the final ending position are excluded as well. And ‘-eoseo, go(seo), -jiman, -eunikka, -eumyeonseo, -daga, -eodo, -jamaja, -neurago and –gilrae’ and so meet necessary condition but do not satisfy sufficient condition. They can be used naturally in the position of final ending but their characteristics in meaning and syntax as connective endings are kept. Therefore, when some proper clauses are recovered with latter ones, they consist of a conjoined sentence. And then, examples of informal final endings, -go, -neunde, -geodeun, -ge, -euryeogo, -dorok, -deunji and –eumyeon’ were analyzed with their characteristics in meaning and syntax as final ending. Firstly, differences between meaning functions as informal ending and as connective ending were studied. Then, syntactical characteristics of informal final ending were studied, and mainly with criteria including inserting connective word, repeating the same connective ending, limiting subject and verb, mood and limit of preceding word’s ending, these characteristics were suggested. In the previous studies, there were studies which simply mentioned about meaning of common characteristics of connective ending becoming final one but there were few studies about similarities in form and syntax. In this study, common characteristics among endings becoming final ones were divided into meaning and syntax perspectives. In form perspective, connective endings with combination of modal marker become easily informal final endings while forms with comprehensive and abstract meaning ‘-go’ or with combination of auxiliary article to ‘eo’ were difficult to become final endings. And for syntactical characteristics, connective ending with connective equality in former and latter clauses or those available for combination of ‘-hada’, an action verb can become final endings easily. Finally, in this article, functions of meaning of endings becoming final ones were studied. Those from connective to final endings are not same with the existing final endings. Informal final ending can express modal meaning in diverse ways. And even the same object of mood, there are differences in meaning or speaker’s attitude. In this study, in case of informal final ending as statement in declarative sentence, served as suggesting and adding information or confuting to other party’s suggestion or question. In case of interrogative sentence, it served as demanding information or revealing suspect on the suggested situation or event. In case of imperative sentence, it served as demanding doing or suggesting. And then, grouping of informal final endings to reveal speaker’s emotion served as expressing emotion. This function of expressing emotions includes not only exclamation but also speaker’s desire and discontent. And these discussions and results is expected to help to predict how connective endings changes and what changes there will be in the system of final ending in Korean and further in Korean grammatical system due to increase of endings becoming final ones, and this article are concluded here.
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