ABSTRACT
Relation between Overt Narcissism and Covert Narcissism of the middle aged women; Mediation effect of Ruminative Response Style
Kim, Eun-Mi
Department of Counseling Psychology Education
Graduate School of Education
Korea University
Supervised by Profe...
ABSTRACT
Relation between Overt Narcissism and Covert Narcissism of the middle aged women; Mediation effect of Ruminative Response Style
Kim, Eun-Mi
Department of Counseling Psychology Education
Graduate School of Education
Korea University
Supervised by Professor Yang, Eun-Joo
The purpose of this research is to provide positive data to help middle aged women enhance their life quality in respect of physical and emotional aspects by investigating how mediating effect of reflective response style has influenced on overt narcissism and covert narcissism, and depression of the women. The investigation is was conducted through survey with questionaries distributed to 300 middle-aged (40~59 years old) women living in Seoul area. 257 questionaries among them has returned; 222 out of them has been utilized for this study, exclusive of those which clearly shows dishonesty in their answers. To analysis the result of survey, SPSS21.0 programme has been employed, it was analysed in frequency, percentage, correlation analysis of Cronbach's ⍺, Pearson, t-verification, one-way variance analysis, and regression analysis.
And result of this study is as follows.
Rumination enforces influence of depression followed by rumination This interferes in discovering out the most practical solutions to the individual emotional issues with relying on one's memories in the past to understand the causes resulted in the depression of current situation. This investigation also shows that four sub factors of depression most remarkably influenced by Reflective Response are melancholy emotion without any close competition, and then personal relations, physical deterioration, and positive emotion in the order named. When the level of covert narcissism increases, there are an increase in frequency of Reflective Response, but also stronger potential risk for depression. Simultaneously, this study shows that the covert narcissism has a direct influence on depression. This is likely resulted from the cognitive style which continuously repeat Reflective Response, focusing on reasons or meanings of failure, not being able to accept his/herself as he/she is, with egocentric attitude, which makes him/her more susceptible to others. Throughout this investigation, middle aged women are easily affected by various internal and external factors related equivocality caused by their indefinite future and negative analysis on their past experiences. Moreover, the women with characteristics of covert narcissism needs more effective support as those characteristics will highly possibly accelerate depression, combining with their attitude considering themselves worthless and uncertain life goals. Therefore, for those women who have been suffering for this psychological issue for a long time, it is desperate to re-interpret their past experiences in positive ways and to learn how to possess more flexible attitude towards their life, including supporting them to be more confident in their social relations. This study is going to provide a meaningful vibration to the society as the women with the age targeted for this research will continuously require physiological supports from society to win against involutional depression and expect a happy old age in where success-first and individuals' needs - first cultures are deeply in it.
Key words: middle aged women, overt narcissism, covert narcissism, depression, rumination
ABSTRACT
Relation between Overt Narcissism and Covert Narcissism of the middle aged women; Mediation effect of Ruminative Response Style
Kim, Eun-Mi
Department of Counseling Psychology Education
Graduate School of Education
Korea University
Supervised by Professor Yang, Eun-Joo
The purpose of this research is to provide positive data to help middle aged women enhance their life quality in respect of physical and emotional aspects by investigating how mediating effect of reflective response style has influenced on overt narcissism and covert narcissism, and depression of the women. The investigation is was conducted through survey with questionaries distributed to 300 middle-aged (40~59 years old) women living in Seoul area. 257 questionaries among them has returned; 222 out of them has been utilized for this study, exclusive of those which clearly shows dishonesty in their answers. To analysis the result of survey, SPSS21.0 programme has been employed, it was analysed in frequency, percentage, correlation analysis of Cronbach's ⍺, Pearson, t-verification, one-way variance analysis, and regression analysis.
And result of this study is as follows.
Rumination enforces influence of depression followed by rumination This interferes in discovering out the most practical solutions to the individual emotional issues with relying on one's memories in the past to understand the causes resulted in the depression of current situation. This investigation also shows that four sub factors of depression most remarkably influenced by Reflective Response are melancholy emotion without any close competition, and then personal relations, physical deterioration, and positive emotion in the order named. When the level of covert narcissism increases, there are an increase in frequency of Reflective Response, but also stronger potential risk for depression. Simultaneously, this study shows that the covert narcissism has a direct influence on depression. This is likely resulted from the cognitive style which continuously repeat Reflective Response, focusing on reasons or meanings of failure, not being able to accept his/herself as he/she is, with egocentric attitude, which makes him/her more susceptible to others. Throughout this investigation, middle aged women are easily affected by various internal and external factors related equivocality caused by their indefinite future and negative analysis on their past experiences. Moreover, the women with characteristics of covert narcissism needs more effective support as those characteristics will highly possibly accelerate depression, combining with their attitude considering themselves worthless and uncertain life goals. Therefore, for those women who have been suffering for this psychological issue for a long time, it is desperate to re-interpret their past experiences in positive ways and to learn how to possess more flexible attitude towards their life, including supporting them to be more confident in their social relations. This study is going to provide a meaningful vibration to the society as the women with the age targeted for this research will continuously require physiological supports from society to win against involutional depression and expect a happy old age in where success-first and individuals' needs - first cultures are deeply in it.
Key words: middle aged women, overt narcissism, covert narcissism, depression, rumination
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