The propellent ammunition composed of single base propellents among the ammunitions used by army has a drawback that stability reduces as its storing period increases. The stability reduction is referred to as reduction in the amount of stabilizer that is contained in single base propellents. Such d...
The propellent ammunition composed of single base propellents among the ammunitions used by army has a drawback that stability reduces as its storing period increases. The stability reduction is referred to as reduction in the amount of stabilizer that is contained in single base propellents. Such deterioration of stability has a risk of spontaneous combustion. Therefore, a strategic decision such as disposal of ammunition and transformation into ammunition for training and education purpose at the appropriate point of time has to be made. Further, inaccurate prediction of its life-time would result in disposal of ammunition at the unexpected time and makes it difficult to secure additional budget and obtaining ammunition. Therefore, securing a reliability for the ammunition composed of single propellents under a long-term storage is an important issue. It has another objective of saving cost for the ammunition whose lacking stability by early consuming them, replacing them with new ammunition and by changing its status, i.e., converting them to ammunition for education training purpose through a strategic decision before its shelf-life is expired. It is expected that accurate prediction of propellent ammunition comprised of single base propellents brings cost saving effects on the manpower and materials by arranging a standard to prevent risk of spontaneous combustion, to prepare appropriate execution timing for production, for operation and maintenance, and for conversion timing of ammunition into a training purpose.
Hereby, this study was conducted for the propellent ammunition of the 105mm high explosive (HE) cartridge shell. That is, the life of ammunition under general storage environment was predicted by using ammunition stockpile reliability program (ASRP). Besides, the life of ammunition composed of single propellents was predicted through data obtained by accelerated aging test. Comparison analysis for two types of ammunition drew below results.
Firstly, life of ammunition was predicted by using ASRP results. The attributes which affect reduction of stabilizer were categorized and evaluated. The results confirmed that attributes "production year" and "storage duration" of ammunition were related with decreases in the stabilizer contents. These attributes were used as independent parameters in the regression analysis for predicting life of the ammunition. The life, thus obtained through regression analysis was predicted as on an around 31~33 years.
Secondly, life of ammunition was predicted by applying a gradient of regression equation drawn through regression analysis on the Zero and 1st Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527. The gradient on the regression equation is a reduction speed of stabilizer by time, and can be applied as a constant (k) for the reaction rate model. Life of ammunition was predicted through Zero and 1st Order reaction rate models of STANAG 4527 at an around 26~30 years by the Zero Order reaction rate model, while it was expected at an around 26~35 years by the 1st Order reaction rate model.
Thirdly, the constant (k) for the reaction rate model was calculated through Arrhenius equation using the accelerated aging test results, and the storage life was predicted by applying it on the Zero and 1st Order reaction rate models of STANAG 4527. The life of the ammunition at room temperature (20℃) was predicted at an around 32~36 years with the Zero Order reaction rate model, while it was predicted at an around 127 ~ 166 years with the 1st Order reaction rate model. Therefore, it was found through accelerated aging test that the Zero Order reaction rate model was suitable to predict a lifespan of ammunition under general storage environment.
Finally, the cause of distribution between the storage life predicted under a general storage environment and the accelerated aging test was that the life predicted through accelerated aging test calculated a reaction rate constant (k) and life was expected by using this constant in the reaction rate model which was a life prediction result at an arbitrary temperature, therefore distribution was bound to be generated from the life prediction performed under a general storage environment. To resolve this issue, an improved reaction rate model was proposed. That is, a new attribute among the attributes applied in the reaction rate model was introduced in order to apply stabilizers contained in the single base propellant at initial stage as well as at disposal stage at a constant ratio. Besides, new attributes and were introduced in order to apply the reaction constant (k) calculated by Arrhenius equation under the same condition with the life prediction under a general storage environment. Finally, an improved reaction rate model was proposed by applying this attribute on the Zero Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527. The lifespan of ammunition predicted through this improved reaction rate model was at an around 28~32 years, which was similar to the lifespan of the ammunition predicted under a general storage environment.
From the results obtained as above, life of propellent ammunition comprised of single propellents can be predicted under a general storage environment, and the Zero Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527 was found to be suitable, if accelerated aging is predicted based on this model. Besides, the Zero Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527 was confirmed as a useful model for prediction of lifespan of ammunition under a general storage environment.
As a result, life of propellent ammunition currently under storage could be more accurately predicted by this study so that a standard could be established for the appropriate timing to prevent a risk of spontaneous combustion, for production of ammunition, operation and maintenance, and to transform the ammunition for the training. Further, it is expected to save cost for the ammunition by replacing them with new ones by making a strategic decision such as early consumption of ammunition, that is, changes in condition of ammunition and transform the ammunition for education and training purpose.
The propellent ammunition composed of single base propellents among the ammunitions used by army has a drawback that stability reduces as its storing period increases. The stability reduction is referred to as reduction in the amount of stabilizer that is contained in single base propellents. Such deterioration of stability has a risk of spontaneous combustion. Therefore, a strategic decision such as disposal of ammunition and transformation into ammunition for training and education purpose at the appropriate point of time has to be made. Further, inaccurate prediction of its life-time would result in disposal of ammunition at the unexpected time and makes it difficult to secure additional budget and obtaining ammunition. Therefore, securing a reliability for the ammunition composed of single propellents under a long-term storage is an important issue. It has another objective of saving cost for the ammunition whose lacking stability by early consuming them, replacing them with new ammunition and by changing its status, i.e., converting them to ammunition for education training purpose through a strategic decision before its shelf-life is expired. It is expected that accurate prediction of propellent ammunition comprised of single base propellents brings cost saving effects on the manpower and materials by arranging a standard to prevent risk of spontaneous combustion, to prepare appropriate execution timing for production, for operation and maintenance, and for conversion timing of ammunition into a training purpose.
Hereby, this study was conducted for the propellent ammunition of the 105mm high explosive (HE) cartridge shell. That is, the life of ammunition under general storage environment was predicted by using ammunition stockpile reliability program (ASRP). Besides, the life of ammunition composed of single propellents was predicted through data obtained by accelerated aging test. Comparison analysis for two types of ammunition drew below results.
Firstly, life of ammunition was predicted by using ASRP results. The attributes which affect reduction of stabilizer were categorized and evaluated. The results confirmed that attributes "production year" and "storage duration" of ammunition were related with decreases in the stabilizer contents. These attributes were used as independent parameters in the regression analysis for predicting life of the ammunition. The life, thus obtained through regression analysis was predicted as on an around 31~33 years.
Secondly, life of ammunition was predicted by applying a gradient of regression equation drawn through regression analysis on the Zero and 1st Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527. The gradient on the regression equation is a reduction speed of stabilizer by time, and can be applied as a constant (k) for the reaction rate model. Life of ammunition was predicted through Zero and 1st Order reaction rate models of STANAG 4527 at an around 26~30 years by the Zero Order reaction rate model, while it was expected at an around 26~35 years by the 1st Order reaction rate model.
Thirdly, the constant (k) for the reaction rate model was calculated through Arrhenius equation using the accelerated aging test results, and the storage life was predicted by applying it on the Zero and 1st Order reaction rate models of STANAG 4527. The life of the ammunition at room temperature (20℃) was predicted at an around 32~36 years with the Zero Order reaction rate model, while it was predicted at an around 127 ~ 166 years with the 1st Order reaction rate model. Therefore, it was found through accelerated aging test that the Zero Order reaction rate model was suitable to predict a lifespan of ammunition under general storage environment.
Finally, the cause of distribution between the storage life predicted under a general storage environment and the accelerated aging test was that the life predicted through accelerated aging test calculated a reaction rate constant (k) and life was expected by using this constant in the reaction rate model which was a life prediction result at an arbitrary temperature, therefore distribution was bound to be generated from the life prediction performed under a general storage environment. To resolve this issue, an improved reaction rate model was proposed. That is, a new attribute among the attributes applied in the reaction rate model was introduced in order to apply stabilizers contained in the single base propellant at initial stage as well as at disposal stage at a constant ratio. Besides, new attributes and were introduced in order to apply the reaction constant (k) calculated by Arrhenius equation under the same condition with the life prediction under a general storage environment. Finally, an improved reaction rate model was proposed by applying this attribute on the Zero Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527. The lifespan of ammunition predicted through this improved reaction rate model was at an around 28~32 years, which was similar to the lifespan of the ammunition predicted under a general storage environment.
From the results obtained as above, life of propellent ammunition comprised of single propellents can be predicted under a general storage environment, and the Zero Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527 was found to be suitable, if accelerated aging is predicted based on this model. Besides, the Zero Order reaction rate model of STANAG 4527 was confirmed as a useful model for prediction of lifespan of ammunition under a general storage environment.
As a result, life of propellent ammunition currently under storage could be more accurately predicted by this study so that a standard could be established for the appropriate timing to prevent a risk of spontaneous combustion, for production of ammunition, operation and maintenance, and to transform the ammunition for the training. Further, it is expected to save cost for the ammunition by replacing them with new ones by making a strategic decision such as early consumption of ammunition, that is, changes in condition of ammunition and transform the ammunition for education and training purpose.
주제어
#Life-Time Propellent Ammunition Accelerated Test Single Base Propellents ASRP(Ammunition Stockpile Reliability Program) Reaction Rate Model
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