This study was carried out to provide basic data for characteristics of PM2.5 mass concentration and chemical composition in Busan area to establish the measure for PM2.5 management or reduction.
To set up policy for PM2.5 reduction, it is essential to interpret concentration variation charac...
This study was carried out to provide basic data for characteristics of PM2.5 mass concentration and chemical composition in Busan area to establish the measure for PM2.5 management or reduction.
To set up policy for PM2.5 reduction, it is essential to interpret concentration variation characteristics, chemical composition, and major natural · anthropogenic sources of PM2.5.
In this study, from 2003 to 2015 the annual, seasonal, monthly, and hourly variation in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 monitored by the Urban Air Monitoring Network were analyzed. The chemical components of 67 sets of PM2.5 sampled in Yeonsan-dong were analyzed during the study periods (May to December, 2015)
From the study, results obtained were as follows:
The annual mass concentration of PM2.5 was decreased from 2003 to 2009, but increased again to 2014. Seasonal mass concentration was in the order of winter > spring > summer > fall in same periods (2003 – 2014). The timely mass concentration of PM2.5 showed high level in the night(around midnight) and had low level around 3 ~ 5 p.m.
The annual mass concentration of PM10 was decreased from 2003 to 2014 (-11%). The order of seasonal mass concentration of PM10 was spring > winter > summer > fall. The mass concentration of PM10 had increased from 8 a.m. to noon, and then started to be decreased.
In residental and green area, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 meet the atmosphere environmental standards but did not meet those of commercial, manufacturing area.
Chemical compositions of PM2.5 measured in Yeonsan-dong in study periods (May to October, 2015) were consisted of ion components (50%), carbon compounds (29%), and 18 elements (7 crustal, 11 non-crustal) (29%).
Ionic components were SO42-, NH4+, NO3- converted from NOX, NH3, SO2. Contribution rates of water-soluble ion components were SO42- 5.5 ± 1.4 ㎍/m3 (59%), NH4+ 2.1 ± 1.7 ㎍/m3 (22%), NO3- 1.8 ± 1.4 ㎍/m3 (19%).
Carbonic compounds, important part of PM2.5. OC (Organic carbon), could be changed by temperature and solar radiation. Therefore seasonal variation of OC could be observed easily. EC (Elemental carbon), however, was not varied seasonally.
Contribution rates of carbonic compounds for OC and EC were 4.2 ± 2.0 ㎍/m3 (25.0% by mass) and 0.7 ± 0.3 ㎍/m3 (4.2% by mass), respectively.
Contribution rates of 18 elements were consisted of crustal (58%) and non-crustal (42%). In comparison with previous study, contribution rate of non-crustal elements has been increased in Busan.
Although contribution rate (percentage by mass) of non-crustal elements was lower than other components, it should be done to manage non-crustal elements preferentially because it has higher health risk than crustal elements and others
This study was carried out to provide basic data for characteristics of PM2.5 mass concentration and chemical composition in Busan area to establish the measure for PM2.5 management or reduction.
To set up policy for PM2.5 reduction, it is essential to interpret concentration variation characteristics, chemical composition, and major natural · anthropogenic sources of PM2.5.
In this study, from 2003 to 2015 the annual, seasonal, monthly, and hourly variation in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 monitored by the Urban Air Monitoring Network were analyzed. The chemical components of 67 sets of PM2.5 sampled in Yeonsan-dong were analyzed during the study periods (May to December, 2015)
From the study, results obtained were as follows:
The annual mass concentration of PM2.5 was decreased from 2003 to 2009, but increased again to 2014. Seasonal mass concentration was in the order of winter > spring > summer > fall in same periods (2003 – 2014). The timely mass concentration of PM2.5 showed high level in the night(around midnight) and had low level around 3 ~ 5 p.m.
The annual mass concentration of PM10 was decreased from 2003 to 2014 (-11%). The order of seasonal mass concentration of PM10 was spring > winter > summer > fall. The mass concentration of PM10 had increased from 8 a.m. to noon, and then started to be decreased.
In residental and green area, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 meet the atmosphere environmental standards but did not meet those of commercial, manufacturing area.
Chemical compositions of PM2.5 measured in Yeonsan-dong in study periods (May to October, 2015) were consisted of ion components (50%), carbon compounds (29%), and 18 elements (7 crustal, 11 non-crustal) (29%).
Ionic components were SO42-, NH4+, NO3- converted from NOX, NH3, SO2. Contribution rates of water-soluble ion components were SO42- 5.5 ± 1.4 ㎍/m3 (59%), NH4+ 2.1 ± 1.7 ㎍/m3 (22%), NO3- 1.8 ± 1.4 ㎍/m3 (19%).
Carbonic compounds, important part of PM2.5. OC (Organic carbon), could be changed by temperature and solar radiation. Therefore seasonal variation of OC could be observed easily. EC (Elemental carbon), however, was not varied seasonally.
Contribution rates of carbonic compounds for OC and EC were 4.2 ± 2.0 ㎍/m3 (25.0% by mass) and 0.7 ± 0.3 ㎍/m3 (4.2% by mass), respectively.
Contribution rates of 18 elements were consisted of crustal (58%) and non-crustal (42%). In comparison with previous study, contribution rate of non-crustal elements has been increased in Busan.
Although contribution rate (percentage by mass) of non-crustal elements was lower than other components, it should be done to manage non-crustal elements preferentially because it has higher health risk than crustal elements and others
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