The objective of this study was to identify the effects of cerebellar injury on the processing of visual stimuli collected via visual sampling and the visual system to avoid obstacles—the potential hazards—in their travel path. To this end, patients with cerebellar ataxia who are being treated at K ...
The objective of this study was to identify the effects of cerebellar injury on the processing of visual stimuli collected via visual sampling and the visual system to avoid obstacles—the potential hazards—in their travel path. To this end, patients with cerebellar ataxia who are being treated at K University Hospital in Seoul were recruited. Inclusion criteria were those who are capable of walking 10 meters without assistance and those who have not had lower limb injury within the past year (Patient : 5 male, 4 female; mean age 50.89±11.25, mean height 165.22±10.71cm, mean lower limb 91.11±6.62cm). As the control group, healthy individuals with corresponding age, sex, and height were enrolled (Control: 6 male, 3 female; mean age 53.33±9.97, mean height 163.78±10.40cm, mean lower limb 90.88±7.11cm). First, in a singleobstacle task that was administered to analyze the patterns of visual sampling, cerebellar ataxia patients performed visual sampling more frequently than the control group did to collect information about the external environment. Further, cerebellar ataxia patients fixated on obstacles as well as on areas where obstacles are located more frequently than the control group to collect information about obstacles present along the travel path. Most of all, during the obstacle gait task, cerebellar ataxia patients fixated on the obstacles for a longer period than the control group to collect visual information about the obstacles. These results of a singleobstacle gait task suggest that cerebellar ataxia patients require a greater amount of visual information for safe locomotion and that they rely more on continuous visual sampling than on intermittent visual sampling to avoid obstacles.
The fact that patients with cerebellar injury use a continuous visual sampling strategy to collect information about potential hazards along their travel path indicates that these patients use a feedback strategy, where they rely on visual sensory information, as opposed to a feedforward strategy, where they would proactively execute motions. Therefore, to confirm this, we additionally administered a multiobstacle gait task (continuous motion task). The results showed that normal participants tended to perform visual sampling in higher frequencies when the distance between the first and second obstacles were 2 m as opposed to 1 m. Furthermore, when the distance between the two obstacles was 2 m, there was a significant difference in the time that normal participants fixated on the second obstacle, and normal participants also fixated on the areas of the two obstacles significantly more frequently. On the other hand, patients with cerebellar injury were not affected by the condition of the obstacle task; as was so in the singleobstacle task, they required a greater amount of visual information than the control group. The results of the multiobstacle task indicate that although the normal group generally uses a feedforward strategy to avoid potential hazards in their travel path, they require a greater amount of visual information to complete tasks during more challenging tasks. In addition, during a continuous multiobstacle task, patients with cerebellar injury process each obstacle as an independent task and require a greater amount of visual information than the normal group in all conditions.
In essence, patients with cerebellar injury require more visual information than the normal group to safely avoid potential hazards within their travel path, and unlike the normal group, they resort to continuous visual sampling. Moreover, while performing an obstacle gait task, patients with cerebellar injury utilize the collected visual information in a feedback strategy, where they modify their motions during the task, as opposed to a feedforward strategy, where they would plan their motions ahead and execute accordingly.
The objective of this study was to identify the effects of cerebellar injury on the processing of visual stimuli collected via visual sampling and the visual system to avoid obstacles—the potential hazards—in their travel path. To this end, patients with cerebellar ataxia who are being treated at K University Hospital in Seoul were recruited. Inclusion criteria were those who are capable of walking 10 meters without assistance and those who have not had lower limb injury within the past year (Patient : 5 male, 4 female; mean age 50.89±11.25, mean height 165.22±10.71cm, mean lower limb 91.11±6.62cm). As the control group, healthy individuals with corresponding age, sex, and height were enrolled (Control: 6 male, 3 female; mean age 53.33±9.97, mean height 163.78±10.40cm, mean lower limb 90.88±7.11cm). First, in a singleobstacle task that was administered to analyze the patterns of visual sampling, cerebellar ataxia patients performed visual sampling more frequently than the control group did to collect information about the external environment. Further, cerebellar ataxia patients fixated on obstacles as well as on areas where obstacles are located more frequently than the control group to collect information about obstacles present along the travel path. Most of all, during the obstacle gait task, cerebellar ataxia patients fixated on the obstacles for a longer period than the control group to collect visual information about the obstacles. These results of a singleobstacle gait task suggest that cerebellar ataxia patients require a greater amount of visual information for safe locomotion and that they rely more on continuous visual sampling than on intermittent visual sampling to avoid obstacles.
The fact that patients with cerebellar injury use a continuous visual sampling strategy to collect information about potential hazards along their travel path indicates that these patients use a feedback strategy, where they rely on visual sensory information, as opposed to a feedforward strategy, where they would proactively execute motions. Therefore, to confirm this, we additionally administered a multiobstacle gait task (continuous motion task). The results showed that normal participants tended to perform visual sampling in higher frequencies when the distance between the first and second obstacles were 2 m as opposed to 1 m. Furthermore, when the distance between the two obstacles was 2 m, there was a significant difference in the time that normal participants fixated on the second obstacle, and normal participants also fixated on the areas of the two obstacles significantly more frequently. On the other hand, patients with cerebellar injury were not affected by the condition of the obstacle task; as was so in the singleobstacle task, they required a greater amount of visual information than the control group. The results of the multiobstacle task indicate that although the normal group generally uses a feedforward strategy to avoid potential hazards in their travel path, they require a greater amount of visual information to complete tasks during more challenging tasks. In addition, during a continuous multiobstacle task, patients with cerebellar injury process each obstacle as an independent task and require a greater amount of visual information than the normal group in all conditions.
In essence, patients with cerebellar injury require more visual information than the normal group to safely avoid potential hazards within their travel path, and unlike the normal group, they resort to continuous visual sampling. Moreover, while performing an obstacle gait task, patients with cerebellar injury utilize the collected visual information in a feedback strategy, where they modify their motions during the task, as opposed to a feedforward strategy, where they would plan their motions ahead and execute accordingly.
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