This thesis was aimed to specify the change of narrativity by analyzing the narrative works which appeared by time in history of children's literature. The classification of time was made as follows, with a starting point of the time when there was change in narrativity in history of children's lite...
This thesis was aimed to specify the change of narrativity by analyzing the narrative works which appeared by time in history of children's literature. The classification of time was made as follows, with a starting point of the time when there was change in narrativity in history of children's literature: development period(1920~1959) when narrative works started to prosper with the vigorous children literary revival movement, expansion period(1960~1989) when the scale of literary activity started to get large due to the development of industry and culture from 1960s after it was stagnated due to a powerful sanction of Japan in 1940s and the war in 1950s, and the transition period(1990~at present) when there was a great change in children's literature with post-modern era.
Although Korean children's literature has carried on the legacy for more than 100 years from 1920s to the present after it was born in 1900s, the researches which approached it diversely are insufficient yet. The researches on children's literature started with 1960s, most of which have been done by educational approach, however, the ones of literary approach are inadequate.
The existing discussions were biased toward the educational value and the forming process of children's literature, the study on 'appearance of children's magazine‘ and the thought and enlightenment of writers.
This thesis started with a critical mind for overcoming the limitation that researches are biased in one direction. The major works of representative writers of the day, the works whose rate of sales was high with the favorable comment and those of writers which have their own unique characteristics were selected as analysis targets by time.
The narrative works of children's literature have basically the narrative structure of characters, events and background(space), and express the narrative through narrative techniques which are suitable to the eye level of children, such as narrative methods, plots, and focalization.
Thus, in this thesis, change in narrative levels and that in narrative discourse levels were examined. In narrative levels, the narrative structure such as characters, events and space was discussed and in narrative discourse levels, the narrative techniques such as the method of description, plots and focalization were done.
First, the narrative of children's literature in development period had a tendency to be overlapped with tale area. The method which constitutes the story was tale storytelling and enlightenment was reflected in the contents of the story. The narrative of children's literature which was born with the overlap between the element of enlightenment and tale story composition premises the mature prototype as a condition of a enlightenment narrative. Thus, a protagonist of a child who is similar to the intellectual image of a rural enlightenment novel is born. He or she must have been the enlightened figure who bears maturity as a small adult who can be called a miniature of an intellectual. The narrative of children's literature in enlightenment period came to appear as a form of story which borrowed the structural form of the old story and which contained the hope which the people dreamt at the time when a tale and the modern narrative overlapped.
Even in expansion period, the narrative of children's literature didn't show any characteristics which were distinguished from that of general literature.
At this time, the child who leads that of children's literature is embodied as a being who symbolizes a 'precious home‘. A child bears a dual meaning, that is, he or she is a utopia which gives comfort to adults who are tired of reality as well as an alternative which can overcome the difficult reality. That is, a child contains two meanings of a being who means the prototype image of home as well as that who stands on the reality as a being who is alienated due to the wounds of war or industrialization. Due to that, children's literature works were proceeded in such a way as to narrate a concrete reality and to miss the untouched beautiful home in contrast to the relentless reality.
As transition period began, the narrative of children's literature started to observe living children and contain their daily lives and talking methods. Starting to seek the concrete narrative techniques which can contain the inside of children who can be contacted around in reality, not those of ideology whom enlightenment discourse produced, the narrative of children's literature has become diverse. The writers of children's literature at this time provided the possibility of interpretation for the readers, getting out of the rational obsession of enlightenment discourse, and worked as a driving force with which interesting narratives which living children lead constitute the text.
The artistic expression in children's literature can be mainly seen in the character presentation method, plots and focalization of discourse levels. It is a character who is most importantly situated in children's literature.That's because characters are presented to children who are in a growing period as models. How to focus the character becomes an important element in narrative techniques. The focalization in children's literature is to adjust to the eye level of a character. In the works before 1990s, only the children whom adults wanted to see appeared and various techniques were attempted, however, in those after 1990s, the characters who were thought from children's perspective have been being created. The independent and individual characteristics of children only are alive in the created characters. That's because they entered and saw the inside of the children in real life who had the suitability to the eye level of children, not the characters of ideal children who adults dream in their eye level as they please. Therefore, the focalization can be naturally done to children, and as the narrative structure goes to the open ending, the concept of narrative structure such as characters, events and space became diverse. Meanwhile, the ending can be opened, and when expressing the characters, how they are vividly reproduced became interested.
Through the reflections of change of narrativity which appears in children's
literature, it can be seen that the simple narrative structure of adult admonition type in modern times has changed into the complex one which reflects the subjective life of children in contemporary times. That is, with the change in life of children, there was change in the method of description of a writer from the explanation type for giving the lesson by using an adult narrator like injection training to the method of showing the subjective life of children and presenting the events which children can realize themselves.
It seems that the phenomenon that the researches on children's literature are inadequate is because the recognition of it stays in that of early modern times of 1910s, which regarded it as a story which simply gives lessons. Or, as children's literature is regarded as a simple story which an adult writer tells children, the researches of it may not be conducted readily. Since the early 2000s, children's literature has been pouring like floods. At this point, it is considered that the researches of detailed and various perspectives which can examine these works are needed.
This thesis was aimed to specify the change of narrativity by analyzing the narrative works which appeared by time in history of children's literature. The classification of time was made as follows, with a starting point of the time when there was change in narrativity in history of children's literature: development period(1920~1959) when narrative works started to prosper with the vigorous children literary revival movement, expansion period(1960~1989) when the scale of literary activity started to get large due to the development of industry and culture from 1960s after it was stagnated due to a powerful sanction of Japan in 1940s and the war in 1950s, and the transition period(1990~at present) when there was a great change in children's literature with post-modern era.
Although Korean children's literature has carried on the legacy for more than 100 years from 1920s to the present after it was born in 1900s, the researches which approached it diversely are insufficient yet. The researches on children's literature started with 1960s, most of which have been done by educational approach, however, the ones of literary approach are inadequate.
The existing discussions were biased toward the educational value and the forming process of children's literature, the study on 'appearance of children's magazine‘ and the thought and enlightenment of writers.
This thesis started with a critical mind for overcoming the limitation that researches are biased in one direction. The major works of representative writers of the day, the works whose rate of sales was high with the favorable comment and those of writers which have their own unique characteristics were selected as analysis targets by time.
The narrative works of children's literature have basically the narrative structure of characters, events and background(space), and express the narrative through narrative techniques which are suitable to the eye level of children, such as narrative methods, plots, and focalization.
Thus, in this thesis, change in narrative levels and that in narrative discourse levels were examined. In narrative levels, the narrative structure such as characters, events and space was discussed and in narrative discourse levels, the narrative techniques such as the method of description, plots and focalization were done.
First, the narrative of children's literature in development period had a tendency to be overlapped with tale area. The method which constitutes the story was tale storytelling and enlightenment was reflected in the contents of the story. The narrative of children's literature which was born with the overlap between the element of enlightenment and tale story composition premises the mature prototype as a condition of a enlightenment narrative. Thus, a protagonist of a child who is similar to the intellectual image of a rural enlightenment novel is born. He or she must have been the enlightened figure who bears maturity as a small adult who can be called a miniature of an intellectual. The narrative of children's literature in enlightenment period came to appear as a form of story which borrowed the structural form of the old story and which contained the hope which the people dreamt at the time when a tale and the modern narrative overlapped.
Even in expansion period, the narrative of children's literature didn't show any characteristics which were distinguished from that of general literature.
At this time, the child who leads that of children's literature is embodied as a being who symbolizes a 'precious home‘. A child bears a dual meaning, that is, he or she is a utopia which gives comfort to adults who are tired of reality as well as an alternative which can overcome the difficult reality. That is, a child contains two meanings of a being who means the prototype image of home as well as that who stands on the reality as a being who is alienated due to the wounds of war or industrialization. Due to that, children's literature works were proceeded in such a way as to narrate a concrete reality and to miss the untouched beautiful home in contrast to the relentless reality.
As transition period began, the narrative of children's literature started to observe living children and contain their daily lives and talking methods. Starting to seek the concrete narrative techniques which can contain the inside of children who can be contacted around in reality, not those of ideology whom enlightenment discourse produced, the narrative of children's literature has become diverse. The writers of children's literature at this time provided the possibility of interpretation for the readers, getting out of the rational obsession of enlightenment discourse, and worked as a driving force with which interesting narratives which living children lead constitute the text.
The artistic expression in children's literature can be mainly seen in the character presentation method, plots and focalization of discourse levels. It is a character who is most importantly situated in children's literature.That's because characters are presented to children who are in a growing period as models. How to focus the character becomes an important element in narrative techniques. The focalization in children's literature is to adjust to the eye level of a character. In the works before 1990s, only the children whom adults wanted to see appeared and various techniques were attempted, however, in those after 1990s, the characters who were thought from children's perspective have been being created. The independent and individual characteristics of children only are alive in the created characters. That's because they entered and saw the inside of the children in real life who had the suitability to the eye level of children, not the characters of ideal children who adults dream in their eye level as they please. Therefore, the focalization can be naturally done to children, and as the narrative structure goes to the open ending, the concept of narrative structure such as characters, events and space became diverse. Meanwhile, the ending can be opened, and when expressing the characters, how they are vividly reproduced became interested.
Through the reflections of change of narrativity which appears in children's
literature, it can be seen that the simple narrative structure of adult admonition type in modern times has changed into the complex one which reflects the subjective life of children in contemporary times. That is, with the change in life of children, there was change in the method of description of a writer from the explanation type for giving the lesson by using an adult narrator like injection training to the method of showing the subjective life of children and presenting the events which children can realize themselves.
It seems that the phenomenon that the researches on children's literature are inadequate is because the recognition of it stays in that of early modern times of 1910s, which regarded it as a story which simply gives lessons. Or, as children's literature is regarded as a simple story which an adult writer tells children, the researches of it may not be conducted readily. Since the early 2000s, children's literature has been pouring like floods. At this point, it is considered that the researches of detailed and various perspectives which can examine these works are needed.
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