대부분의 폐수처리시설은 그 운영실적에 근거하여 실제운영비(인건비, 약품비, 슬러지처리비, 전력비 등)에 적정한 이윤을 붙여서 비용을 산정하여 위탁업체에 위탁한다. 현재 운영비(톤당 단가)는 폐수량을 이용하여 원단위를 산정하지만, 생산공정 및 생산품의 기술발달로 인하여 적은 유량의 고농도폐수가 폐수처리시설로 유입되고 있다. 고농도폐수처리, 슬러지과다발생, 오염부하량의 변화 등으로 폐수처리시설에서는 운영상 많은 애로를 겪음에도 불구하고 과거의 운영...
대부분의 폐수처리시설은 그 운영실적에 근거하여 실제운영비(인건비, 약품비, 슬러지처리비, 전력비 등)에 적정한 이윤을 붙여서 비용을 산정하여 위탁업체에 위탁한다. 현재 운영비(톤당 단가)는 폐수량을 이용하여 원단위를 산정하지만, 생산공정 및 생산품의 기술발달로 인하여 적은 유량의 고농도폐수가 폐수처리시설로 유입되고 있다. 고농도폐수처리, 슬러지과다발생, 오염부하량의 변화 등으로 폐수처리시설에서는 운영상 많은 애로를 겪음에도 불구하고 과거의 운영실적에 따라 운영유지비 산정방식이 유지되고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 개선방안을 모색하고자 본 연구에서는 실제 폐수처리시설을 대상으로 유량 및 수질변화 조사결과 및 운영비용 데이터를 활용하여 오염부하량 기반 폐수처리시설의 위탁운영비용 산정방안을 제안하였다. 폐수처리시설 ‘A’를 대상으로 1일 1-2시간 간격으로 각 폐수처리계열별 유입수 및 배출수의 유량 및 주요오염물질의 농도를 측정하여 1일 중의 변동폭을 확인하여 통계적 분석결과를 제시하였다. 2차적으로 1개월간 매일 1회 각 폐수처리계열별 유입수의 유량 및 주요오염물질의 농도 및 계열별 배출수가 합류되는 최종방류구에서의 유량 및 주요오염물질의 농도를 측정하였다. 위탁운영비용은 인건비, 수선비, 소모품비, 전력비 등 기타비용을 포함하여 비용을 산정하지만, 본 연구에서는 약품비, 슬러지처리비를 제외한 기타비용은 고정비로 취급하여 고려하지 않았다. 폐수처리시설 ‘A’의 경우 폐수처리공정 외에 대기처리공정과 순수처리공정이 공존하는 것으로 나타나 시나리오 #1(폐수공정+대기공정+순수공정)과 시나리오 #2(폐수공정)로 나누어 오염부하량 기반 평균단가를 산정한 결과 시나리오 #1은 592원/kg, 시나리오 #2는 477원/kg으로 나타났다. 또한, 오염부하량 기반 요금 산정식을 기존 폐수량 기반 요금 산정식과 병용할 것을 제안하였다. 기존의 폐수량 기반 요금산정식을 기본적으로 사용하되, 각 주요오염물질의 유입농도가 5%ile 과 95%ile의 기준농도값을 벗어날 경우에는 기준농도 초과 및 미달분에 대해 부하량 기반 요금산정식으로, [폐수량단가 × 폐수량 + (폐수오염부하량단가 × 폐수량 × 기준초과 및 기준미달 농도)]의 식을 사용하도록 제안하였다. 이 때, pH조정에 대한 비용은 폐수량 기반 기본요금에 포함되어 있는 것으로 가정하였다. 폐수처리시설 ‘A'보다 훨씬 규모가 큰 폐수처리시설 ’B'에 대해서 동일한 방법의 비용산정방식을 적용할 경우의 시뮬레이션결과를 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 폐수처리시설의 위탁운영비용 산정을 위한 초기 연구로 향후 폐수처리시설 위탁운영비용 산정을 결정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
대부분의 폐수처리시설은 그 운영실적에 근거하여 실제운영비(인건비, 약품비, 슬러지처리비, 전력비 등)에 적정한 이윤을 붙여서 비용을 산정하여 위탁업체에 위탁한다. 현재 운영비(톤당 단가)는 폐수량을 이용하여 원단위를 산정하지만, 생산공정 및 생산품의 기술발달로 인하여 적은 유량의 고농도폐수가 폐수처리시설로 유입되고 있다. 고농도폐수처리, 슬러지과다발생, 오염부하량의 변화 등으로 폐수처리시설에서는 운영상 많은 애로를 겪음에도 불구하고 과거의 운영실적에 따라 운영유지비 산정방식이 유지되고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 개선방안을 모색하고자 본 연구에서는 실제 폐수처리시설을 대상으로 유량 및 수질변화 조사결과 및 운영비용 데이터를 활용하여 오염부하량 기반 폐수처리시설의 위탁운영비용 산정방안을 제안하였다. 폐수처리시설 ‘A’를 대상으로 1일 1-2시간 간격으로 각 폐수처리계열별 유입수 및 배출수의 유량 및 주요오염물질의 농도를 측정하여 1일 중의 변동폭을 확인하여 통계적 분석결과를 제시하였다. 2차적으로 1개월간 매일 1회 각 폐수처리계열별 유입수의 유량 및 주요오염물질의 농도 및 계열별 배출수가 합류되는 최종방류구에서의 유량 및 주요오염물질의 농도를 측정하였다. 위탁운영비용은 인건비, 수선비, 소모품비, 전력비 등 기타비용을 포함하여 비용을 산정하지만, 본 연구에서는 약품비, 슬러지처리비를 제외한 기타비용은 고정비로 취급하여 고려하지 않았다. 폐수처리시설 ‘A’의 경우 폐수처리공정 외에 대기처리공정과 순수처리공정이 공존하는 것으로 나타나 시나리오 #1(폐수공정+대기공정+순수공정)과 시나리오 #2(폐수공정)로 나누어 오염부하량 기반 평균단가를 산정한 결과 시나리오 #1은 592원/kg, 시나리오 #2는 477원/kg으로 나타났다. 또한, 오염부하량 기반 요금 산정식을 기존 폐수량 기반 요금 산정식과 병용할 것을 제안하였다. 기존의 폐수량 기반 요금산정식을 기본적으로 사용하되, 각 주요오염물질의 유입농도가 5%ile 과 95%ile의 기준농도값을 벗어날 경우에는 기준농도 초과 및 미달분에 대해 부하량 기반 요금산정식으로, [폐수량단가 × 폐수량 + (폐수오염부하량단가 × 폐수량 × 기준초과 및 기준미달 농도)]의 식을 사용하도록 제안하였다. 이 때, pH조정에 대한 비용은 폐수량 기반 기본요금에 포함되어 있는 것으로 가정하였다. 폐수처리시설 ‘A'보다 훨씬 규모가 큰 폐수처리시설 ’B'에 대해서 동일한 방법의 비용산정방식을 적용할 경우의 시뮬레이션결과를 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 폐수처리시설의 위탁운영비용 산정을 위한 초기 연구로 향후 폐수처리시설 위탁운영비용 산정을 결정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Many industrial wastewater treatment facilities are consigned to a management company with estimated actual operating cost (payroll costs, chemical cost, sludge disposal cost, and electricity cost, etc.) with addition to appropriate profit according to their operating performance. Operating cost is ...
Many industrial wastewater treatment facilities are consigned to a management company with estimated actual operating cost (payroll costs, chemical cost, sludge disposal cost, and electricity cost, etc.) with addition to appropriate profit according to their operating performance. Operating cost is usually being estimated as the unit price per volumetric flow of treated wastewater. Recently, however, industrial wastewater tends to have a higher concentration of pollutants by using reduced water flow owing to the advancement of production process and products. Many industrial wastewater treatment facilities are experiencing difficulties in operation due to the treatment of highly concentrated wastewater, excessive sludge production, and changes in pollution load but the operation and maintenance cost is still estimated based on the conventional method. The objective of this study was to propose a new method to estimate the consignment operation cost by utilizing flowrates of treated wastewater and actual concentration change of contaminants, and operational cost data. The concentration of major pollutants and quantity of the inflow and outflow in the wastewater treatment facility ‘A’ were measured at every one or two hours to check the fluctuation of wastewater in 24 hours. The data were statistically analyzed. Moreover, the flowrates and the concentrations of major pollutants in the inflow were measured for each four wastewater treatment process series, which were separated depending on the major contaminants, once a day for one month. The rate of flow and the concentrations of major contaminants were also evaluated at the final discharge outlet, where outflow from each four wastewater process series are merged, once a day for one month. The consignment operation cost was estimated by considering various elements such as payroll cost, repairing cost, cost of consumables, and electricity cost. However, this study only considered the chemical cost and sludge treatment cost, assuming that other fixed costs are not changed. Wastewater treatment facility ‘A’ had an air treatment process and a ultrapure water treatment process in addition to a wastewater treatment process so the operation cost for two scenarios (scenario #1 and scenario #2) were considered. Scenario #1 was for wastewater, air, and ultrapure water processes while scenario #2 for the industrial wastewater process only. The mean unit price was 592 and 447 KRW/kg for scenario #1 and #2, respectively. The joint use of the improved contaminant load-based fee estimation formula and the existing wastewater volume-based fee estimation formula was proposed in this study. When the inflow concentration of each major contaminant is between 5 percentile and 95 percentile of the reference inflow concentration, the existing wastewater volume-based method is proposed to be used. However, when the concentration is out of this range, it was recommended to use the formula of [the unit price of wastewater quantity × wastewater quantity + (wastewater pollution load unit price × quantity of wastewater × concentration difference from the reference concentration)] as a load-based fee estimation formula by exceeded or lacked concentraion from the reference value. It was assumed that the cost to adjust pH was included in the base rate of the wastewater quantity-based fee. The same fee estimation method was applied to wastewater treatment facility ‘B’, which was much larger than wastewater treatment facility ‘A’, and the simulation results also were presented. This study is a preliminary study to estimate the consignment operation cost of a wastewater treatment facility and it can be used to determine the consignment operation cost of a wastewater treatment facility in the future.
Many industrial wastewater treatment facilities are consigned to a management company with estimated actual operating cost (payroll costs, chemical cost, sludge disposal cost, and electricity cost, etc.) with addition to appropriate profit according to their operating performance. Operating cost is usually being estimated as the unit price per volumetric flow of treated wastewater. Recently, however, industrial wastewater tends to have a higher concentration of pollutants by using reduced water flow owing to the advancement of production process and products. Many industrial wastewater treatment facilities are experiencing difficulties in operation due to the treatment of highly concentrated wastewater, excessive sludge production, and changes in pollution load but the operation and maintenance cost is still estimated based on the conventional method. The objective of this study was to propose a new method to estimate the consignment operation cost by utilizing flowrates of treated wastewater and actual concentration change of contaminants, and operational cost data. The concentration of major pollutants and quantity of the inflow and outflow in the wastewater treatment facility ‘A’ were measured at every one or two hours to check the fluctuation of wastewater in 24 hours. The data were statistically analyzed. Moreover, the flowrates and the concentrations of major pollutants in the inflow were measured for each four wastewater treatment process series, which were separated depending on the major contaminants, once a day for one month. The rate of flow and the concentrations of major contaminants were also evaluated at the final discharge outlet, where outflow from each four wastewater process series are merged, once a day for one month. The consignment operation cost was estimated by considering various elements such as payroll cost, repairing cost, cost of consumables, and electricity cost. However, this study only considered the chemical cost and sludge treatment cost, assuming that other fixed costs are not changed. Wastewater treatment facility ‘A’ had an air treatment process and a ultrapure water treatment process in addition to a wastewater treatment process so the operation cost for two scenarios (scenario #1 and scenario #2) were considered. Scenario #1 was for wastewater, air, and ultrapure water processes while scenario #2 for the industrial wastewater process only. The mean unit price was 592 and 447 KRW/kg for scenario #1 and #2, respectively. The joint use of the improved contaminant load-based fee estimation formula and the existing wastewater volume-based fee estimation formula was proposed in this study. When the inflow concentration of each major contaminant is between 5 percentile and 95 percentile of the reference inflow concentration, the existing wastewater volume-based method is proposed to be used. However, when the concentration is out of this range, it was recommended to use the formula of [the unit price of wastewater quantity × wastewater quantity + (wastewater pollution load unit price × quantity of wastewater × concentration difference from the reference concentration)] as a load-based fee estimation formula by exceeded or lacked concentraion from the reference value. It was assumed that the cost to adjust pH was included in the base rate of the wastewater quantity-based fee. The same fee estimation method was applied to wastewater treatment facility ‘B’, which was much larger than wastewater treatment facility ‘A’, and the simulation results also were presented. This study is a preliminary study to estimate the consignment operation cost of a wastewater treatment facility and it can be used to determine the consignment operation cost of a wastewater treatment facility in the future.
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