Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

There are numerous antigens on the surface of the red blood cells, and the phenotype of the antigen varies from person to person, so that exposure of the RBC antigen due to transfusion or pregnancy is inevitable. Because of this unexpected antibodies cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reac...

There are numerous antigens on the surface of the red blood cells, and the phenotype of the antigen varies from person to person, so that exposure of the RBC antigen due to transfusion or pregnancy is inevitable. Because of this unexpected antibodies cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions or neonatal hemolytic diseases. Therefore, the presence of unexpected antibodies should be checked before transfusion with ABO and Rh type tests.
Antibodies currently used in laboratories are often excluded. A representative example is Diego a+ (Dia), which has a high frequency in Asian ethnicity including Koreans, and it is reported that the positive rate is 6.4~14.5% in Koreans. Although the number of medical institutions performing Anti-Dia antibody screening tests for blood cells containing Dia antigen increased, there was a limitation that the identification blood cells could not be confirmed as Anti-Dia antibody because Dia antigen was not included.
Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the reaction with RBC of the phenotype in which the RBC antigen exists only in the corresponding antigen and the other antigen is not present. The blood cells having the presence or absence of the Dia antigen are frozen by the droplet freezing method. When used as a blood cell for identification every time a test is needed, a small amount of blood cells can be thawed and an Anti-Dia labeled antibody can be detected.
The BLOODchip ID- ID CORE XT system (Progenika, Spain) and the BioArray HEA BeadChip system (Immucor, USA) are used together with the existing molecular diagnostic test method. In order to obtain the minimum amount of red blood cells required for the serum test, as a way of freezing small amounts of red blood cells in droplet size, RBC droplet freezing was developed later. Due to the efficiency of the cryoprotectant and the convenience of the protocol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is considered to be an effective cryoprotective agent for RBC droplet freezing.
The need for matched transfusion of RBC is increasing as the precise identification of an unexpected antibody is needed. RBC antigens can be tailored to reduce the frequency of post-transfusion reactions. These two test methods are expected to be of great help not only to detect other Anti-Dia antibodies but also to preserve other rare RBC Antigen.

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