According to a survey by the National Statistical Office, the population of farming areas in the country decreased by about 38 percent from 2000 to 2015, and the proportion of elderly people aged 60 or older has increased by about 17 percent. Decreasing population in agricultural areas and increasin...
According to a survey by the National Statistical Office, the population of farming areas in the country decreased by about 38 percent from 2000 to 2015, and the proportion of elderly people aged 60 or older has increased by about 17 percent. Decreasing population in agricultural areas and increasing proportion of senior citizens lead to a decrease in the working population and agricultural labor force in rural areas, which contributes to the problem of declining agricultural productivity. The Rural Development Administration and others tried to solve the problem of declining agricultural productivity by actively utilizing farming machines. As a result of these efforts, the mechanization rate of rice paddies was 98%, which is successful but the rate of mechanization of farming in fields was very low at 56%, so solutions are needed to enhance agricultural productivity of farm crops.
One way to solve the problem is the utilization of female farmers, who account for 51.1% of the total farming population (KOSTAT, 2017). Female farmers had difficulty in cultivating as professional farmers due to problems such as physical conditions, male-friendly farming machines and the lower level of agricultural education compared to male farmers. Therefore, fostering female farmers as professional farmers requires research on education methods, but the development of equipment that is easy for women to utilize and cheap for them should also be preceded.
In this study, for the development of low-cost and easy-to-use farming machines, we intended to manufacture a device reducing the incidence of work-related musculoskeletal diseases by reducing the rate of noise and vibration. The device is a semi-automatic motorized vegetable planting machine with an auto device that runs furrows by utilizing the low cost single sensor. The ridge-following auto-driving vegetable planting machine is divided and manufactured into two systems, which are auto-driving device and motorized vegetable planting machine. The auto-driving device measures the breakaway distance by judging the tilting of device by the single Gyro sensor, and controls the front steering device manufactured using feedback controlled actuator based on the measured result. In addition, two BLDC motors were installed on both sides of the rear wheels to control the speed ratio of the two wheels during steering. The results of testing the driving device showed an average departure distance of 0.07 cm and a maximum departure distance of 0.2 cm. Since the upper part of the chili peppers ridge is about 10 centimeter-wide, it is enough to plant the vegetables while auto driving.
The vegetable planting machine consists of a seedling supply unit and a planting unit, and it is necessary to adjust to the worker's height for ease of use. Ideally, it is necessary to change the height of the machine according to the height of the worker, but if the work height is changeable, the unit and the weight of the equipment are increased to secure the proper work height. According to the survey on the average height of women and senior citizens, who account for more than 50 percent of the working population, and how to calculate the working height, the appropriate working height was 810.4 to 900.4 mm. According to these results, the planting machine for vegetable planting was found to be a upper and lower range of 220 mm and 110 mm for seeding feeder.
In addition, we minimized the number of link of seeding feeder and planting machine in order to simplify the structure. The simulation and actual device were compared for trajectory. The simulation result showed the maximum height of upper and lower trajectory of 220.1 mm, width 60.3 mm while the result of tested machine shows 216.5mm in the maximum height and width 90.2mm.
The semi-auto planting machine that feeds seeding manually, was manufactured so that it feeds seeding when the planting machine reaches to the feeding point by utilizing the feeding container cup and the mechanical device. When we tested the planting of machine with the running speed at 0.14m/s and the axis speed of motor set to 2.918rad/s, the planting success rate was 90.6%. It was judged that the developed power-operated vegetable planting machine sufficiently demonstrated its intended performance with a planting success rate of 90% or higher. By assembling a ridge-following auto-driving device and a vegetable transplanting device, a ridge-following auto-driving vegetable planting machine was developed. To find out whether workers' convenience is improved, the working posture of the existing pepper planting method with semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (engine type) and semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (motorized type) were analyzed using the RULA evaluation technique used to move objects less than 20kg in work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
According to the analysis results, the pepper planting method in the field has a very high impact on the incidence rate of working environment musculoskeletal disease with 7 points, and indicates the need for introduction of mechanical equipment to improve the working environment. Semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (engine type) requires fast work improvement and analysis of work risk factors with 6 points, but there is still a risk of working environment diseases even if it is more improved than the conventional pepper planting working posture. Finally, the worker posture of semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (motorized type) developed in this research was assessed to have partial improvement with 4 points and further investigation, so additional devices for convenience will have to be introduced in the future commercialization phase. In order to test the official performance of the developed furrow-followed auto-driving vegetable planting machine, we planted the pepper seeding at the speed of 0.4m/s. The red pepper seedlings were planted at 50 mm from the left side of the furrow based on the direction of driving. The planting success rate was 82%, and the biggest failure factor of the planting was feeding timing. If additional improvement is made such as installing sensors that can detect the status of supply, the problem can be solved.
Therefore, it was judged that the auto-driving vegetable planting machine developed needs to be improved for convenience, such as a working stand which makes easier for users to supply the seedlings, a height controlling unit of the planting machine according to the height of the furrows, and additional sensors for determining the supply status of the seedlings are needed. Further research using the results of this study can lead to the development of a vegetable planting robot by attaching seedling extraction devices and feeding devices to collect seedlings from trays.
According to a survey by the National Statistical Office, the population of farming areas in the country decreased by about 38 percent from 2000 to 2015, and the proportion of elderly people aged 60 or older has increased by about 17 percent. Decreasing population in agricultural areas and increasing proportion of senior citizens lead to a decrease in the working population and agricultural labor force in rural areas, which contributes to the problem of declining agricultural productivity. The Rural Development Administration and others tried to solve the problem of declining agricultural productivity by actively utilizing farming machines. As a result of these efforts, the mechanization rate of rice paddies was 98%, which is successful but the rate of mechanization of farming in fields was very low at 56%, so solutions are needed to enhance agricultural productivity of farm crops.
One way to solve the problem is the utilization of female farmers, who account for 51.1% of the total farming population (KOSTAT, 2017). Female farmers had difficulty in cultivating as professional farmers due to problems such as physical conditions, male-friendly farming machines and the lower level of agricultural education compared to male farmers. Therefore, fostering female farmers as professional farmers requires research on education methods, but the development of equipment that is easy for women to utilize and cheap for them should also be preceded.
In this study, for the development of low-cost and easy-to-use farming machines, we intended to manufacture a device reducing the incidence of work-related musculoskeletal diseases by reducing the rate of noise and vibration. The device is a semi-automatic motorized vegetable planting machine with an auto device that runs furrows by utilizing the low cost single sensor. The ridge-following auto-driving vegetable planting machine is divided and manufactured into two systems, which are auto-driving device and motorized vegetable planting machine. The auto-driving device measures the breakaway distance by judging the tilting of device by the single Gyro sensor, and controls the front steering device manufactured using feedback controlled actuator based on the measured result. In addition, two BLDC motors were installed on both sides of the rear wheels to control the speed ratio of the two wheels during steering. The results of testing the driving device showed an average departure distance of 0.07 cm and a maximum departure distance of 0.2 cm. Since the upper part of the chili peppers ridge is about 10 centimeter-wide, it is enough to plant the vegetables while auto driving.
The vegetable planting machine consists of a seedling supply unit and a planting unit, and it is necessary to adjust to the worker's height for ease of use. Ideally, it is necessary to change the height of the machine according to the height of the worker, but if the work height is changeable, the unit and the weight of the equipment are increased to secure the proper work height. According to the survey on the average height of women and senior citizens, who account for more than 50 percent of the working population, and how to calculate the working height, the appropriate working height was 810.4 to 900.4 mm. According to these results, the planting machine for vegetable planting was found to be a upper and lower range of 220 mm and 110 mm for seeding feeder.
In addition, we minimized the number of link of seeding feeder and planting machine in order to simplify the structure. The simulation and actual device were compared for trajectory. The simulation result showed the maximum height of upper and lower trajectory of 220.1 mm, width 60.3 mm while the result of tested machine shows 216.5mm in the maximum height and width 90.2mm.
The semi-auto planting machine that feeds seeding manually, was manufactured so that it feeds seeding when the planting machine reaches to the feeding point by utilizing the feeding container cup and the mechanical device. When we tested the planting of machine with the running speed at 0.14m/s and the axis speed of motor set to 2.918rad/s, the planting success rate was 90.6%. It was judged that the developed power-operated vegetable planting machine sufficiently demonstrated its intended performance with a planting success rate of 90% or higher. By assembling a ridge-following auto-driving device and a vegetable transplanting device, a ridge-following auto-driving vegetable planting machine was developed. To find out whether workers' convenience is improved, the working posture of the existing pepper planting method with semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (engine type) and semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (motorized type) were analyzed using the RULA evaluation technique used to move objects less than 20kg in work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
According to the analysis results, the pepper planting method in the field has a very high impact on the incidence rate of working environment musculoskeletal disease with 7 points, and indicates the need for introduction of mechanical equipment to improve the working environment. Semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (engine type) requires fast work improvement and analysis of work risk factors with 6 points, but there is still a risk of working environment diseases even if it is more improved than the conventional pepper planting working posture. Finally, the worker posture of semi-automatic vegetable planting machine (motorized type) developed in this research was assessed to have partial improvement with 4 points and further investigation, so additional devices for convenience will have to be introduced in the future commercialization phase. In order to test the official performance of the developed furrow-followed auto-driving vegetable planting machine, we planted the pepper seeding at the speed of 0.4m/s. The red pepper seedlings were planted at 50 mm from the left side of the furrow based on the direction of driving. The planting success rate was 82%, and the biggest failure factor of the planting was feeding timing. If additional improvement is made such as installing sensors that can detect the status of supply, the problem can be solved.
Therefore, it was judged that the auto-driving vegetable planting machine developed needs to be improved for convenience, such as a working stand which makes easier for users to supply the seedlings, a height controlling unit of the planting machine according to the height of the furrows, and additional sensors for determining the supply status of the seedlings are needed. Further research using the results of this study can lead to the development of a vegetable planting robot by attaching seedling extraction devices and feeding devices to collect seedlings from trays.
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