애기장대 암술 형성 과정에서 GRF와 GIF 유전자의 역할 Biological roles of the GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR in the gynoecium development in Arabidopsis thaliana원문보기
This study investigated biological roles of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalianaL.) GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) transcriptional complex in the development of the gynoecium. There are nine GRFs and three GIFs in Arabidopsis, and seven GRFs are post-transcriptional...
This study investigated biological roles of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalianaL.) GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) transcriptional complex in the development of the gynoecium. There are nine GRFs and three GIFs in Arabidopsis, and seven GRFs are post-transcriptionally silenced by microRNA396 (miR396). Previous studies demonstrated that GRFs and GIFs played essential roles in the gynoecial development. Although the role of GIFs was elucidated by examining the gif1 gif2 gif3 triple mutant, that of GRFs was indirectly inferred from MIR396overexpressors (35S:MIR396) because of the difficulty in constructing grf multiple mutants. To date, therefore, the role of individual GRFs in the gynoecial development has remained unknown. This study dissected the role of individual GRFs by constructing and examininggrfmultiple mutants, and found that the grf1 grf2 grf3grf5 quadruple mutant resulted in aberrant gynoecia with neither of carpel margin meristems (CMMs) nor the ovary, indicating that GRF1 – GRF3 and GRF5 played essential roles in the formation of those gynoecial. tissues and that the gynoecial phenotypes displayed by MIR396overexpressors, which are the same as the grf quadruple mutant, are the result of miR396-induced inactivation of those GRFs. Histological and molecular marker-based analyses confirmed that the mutant gynoecial primordia failed to develop CMMs and the ovary, resulting in mature gynoecia consisting only of the stigma, style, and replum tissues in place of ovary valves. Most GRF proteins are abundantly and redundantly localized in those tissues. This study also found that the weak gynoecial defects of the pinoid-3(pid-3) mutant, which is defective in regulation of the auxin polar transport process (PAT), were remarkably exacerbated by gif1 gif2 double mutations and MIR396 overexpression, so that almost none of the gynoecia produced by gif1 gif2 pid-3 and 35S:MIR396 pid-3 developed CMMs and ovaries at all. Moreover, gif1 gif2 double mutations and 35S:MIR396 acted synergistically with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, a potent inhibitor of PAT, in forming aberrant gynoecia. The results altogether suggest that the GRF-GIF transcriptional complex regulates the meristematic and pluripotent competence of CMMs and their derivatives as well as ovary valves, and that this regulation is implemented in association with auxin action, ultimately conferring reproductive competence on Arabidopsis
This study investigated biological roles of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalianaL.) GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) transcriptional complex in the development of the gynoecium. There are nine GRFs and three GIFs in Arabidopsis, and seven GRFs are post-transcriptionally silenced by microRNA396 (miR396). Previous studies demonstrated that GRFs and GIFs played essential roles in the gynoecial development. Although the role of GIFs was elucidated by examining the gif1 gif2 gif3 triple mutant, that of GRFs was indirectly inferred from MIR396overexpressors (35S:MIR396) because of the difficulty in constructing grf multiple mutants. To date, therefore, the role of individual GRFs in the gynoecial development has remained unknown. This study dissected the role of individual GRFs by constructing and examininggrfmultiple mutants, and found that the grf1 grf2 grf3grf5 quadruple mutant resulted in aberrant gynoecia with neither of carpel margin meristems (CMMs) nor the ovary, indicating that GRF1 – GRF3 and GRF5 played essential roles in the formation of those gynoecial. tissues and that the gynoecial phenotypes displayed by MIR396overexpressors, which are the same as the grf quadruple mutant, are the result of miR396-induced inactivation of those GRFs. Histological and molecular marker-based analyses confirmed that the mutant gynoecial primordia failed to develop CMMs and the ovary, resulting in mature gynoecia consisting only of the stigma, style, and replum tissues in place of ovary valves. Most GRF proteins are abundantly and redundantly localized in those tissues. This study also found that the weak gynoecial defects of the pinoid-3(pid-3) mutant, which is defective in regulation of the auxin polar transport process (PAT), were remarkably exacerbated by gif1 gif2 double mutations and MIR396 overexpression, so that almost none of the gynoecia produced by gif1 gif2 pid-3 and 35S:MIR396 pid-3 developed CMMs and ovaries at all. Moreover, gif1 gif2 double mutations and 35S:MIR396 acted synergistically with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, a potent inhibitor of PAT, in forming aberrant gynoecia. The results altogether suggest that the GRF-GIF transcriptional complex regulates the meristematic and pluripotent competence of CMMs and their derivatives as well as ovary valves, and that this regulation is implemented in association with auxin action, ultimately conferring reproductive competence on Arabidopsis
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