The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of environmental microorganisms and human-pathogenic microorganisms in summer at Haeundae Beach, Korea, to which the highest numbers of visitors come during June to September. In the clean dry sand (A) adjacent to the coastal road, Ac...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of environmental microorganisms and human-pathogenic microorganisms in summer at Haeundae Beach, Korea, to which the highest numbers of visitors come during June to September. In the clean dry sand (A) adjacent to the coastal road, Actinobacteria showed a 32% distribution in June and July, and the predominant species were Nocardioides glacieisoli and Arthrobacter subterraneus. Bacteroidetes showed a 64% distribution in August and the dominant species was Gramella oceani. Proteobacteria showed 29% distribution in September, and the dominant species was Sphingomonas sediminicola. The surface seawater (B), which is close to the sandy beach, had a distribution of 85 ± 5% from June to September, and predominant species were Pseudoalteromonas marina and Alteromonas mediterranea. In the wet sand (C), similarly to that of seawater, proteobacteria showed a high distribution of 53 ± 2% and the predominant species were Colwellia beringensis, Woeseia oceani and Thioprofundum lithotrophicum. Bacteroidetes also showed a relatively high distribution of 23 ± 4%, and the predominant species were Gillisia myxillae and Bacteroides plebeius. In the dry sand at picnic area (D), Bacteroidetes showed 53% to 58% distribution in June and August, respectively and the predominant species were Gramella aquimixticola and Gramella planctonica. Firmicutes showed a distribution of 36% in July, and the dominant species was Halobacillus profundi. Proteobacteria showed a 68% distribution in September, and the dominant species was Woeseia oceani. Due to the activities of the summer visitors, the distribution of human-related microorganisms increased in the dry sand near the beach, and the oceanic microorganisms related to seawater were also found in the dry sand. In the wet sand both soil-derived and seawater-derived microbes were mixed, due to the wave of seawater, resulting in the increased distribution of total microorganisms. More than 30 species of human pathogenic microorganisms were found, but most showed less than 1%.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of environmental microorganisms and human-pathogenic microorganisms in summer at Haeundae Beach, Korea, to which the highest numbers of visitors come during June to September. In the clean dry sand (A) adjacent to the coastal road, Actinobacteria showed a 32% distribution in June and July, and the predominant species were Nocardioides glacieisoli and Arthrobacter subterraneus. Bacteroidetes showed a 64% distribution in August and the dominant species was Gramella oceani. Proteobacteria showed 29% distribution in September, and the dominant species was Sphingomonas sediminicola. The surface seawater (B), which is close to the sandy beach, had a distribution of 85 ± 5% from June to September, and predominant species were Pseudoalteromonas marina and Alteromonas mediterranea. In the wet sand (C), similarly to that of seawater, proteobacteria showed a high distribution of 53 ± 2% and the predominant species were Colwellia beringensis, Woeseia oceani and Thioprofundum lithotrophicum. Bacteroidetes also showed a relatively high distribution of 23 ± 4%, and the predominant species were Gillisia myxillae and Bacteroides plebeius. In the dry sand at picnic area (D), Bacteroidetes showed 53% to 58% distribution in June and August, respectively and the predominant species were Gramella aquimixticola and Gramella planctonica. Firmicutes showed a distribution of 36% in July, and the dominant species was Halobacillus profundi. Proteobacteria showed a 68% distribution in September, and the dominant species was Woeseia oceani. Due to the activities of the summer visitors, the distribution of human-related microorganisms increased in the dry sand near the beach, and the oceanic microorganisms related to seawater were also found in the dry sand. In the wet sand both soil-derived and seawater-derived microbes were mixed, due to the wave of seawater, resulting in the increased distribution of total microorganisms. More than 30 species of human pathogenic microorganisms were found, but most showed less than 1%.
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