Recently, the interest and importance of industrial safety have been emphasized. The disasters caused by fires at construction sites are large fires, mostly with human and material damage, even though they are low. This is because, in the industrial sites, fire detectors and early fire extinguishing...
Recently, the interest and importance of industrial safety have been emphasized. The disasters caused by fires at construction sites are large fires, mostly with human and material damage, even though they are low. This is because, in the industrial sites, fire detectors and early fire extinguishing equipment that minimize damage in the early stages of fire are insufficient to prevent possible fires during construction work. Also, existing fire detection systems have a high false alarm rate. They are highly vulnerable to false signals due to construction sites' various environmental characteristics because it relies on a single sensor that detects smoke or heat. Therefore, this study proposed an early fire detection system and a step-by-step alarm algorithm to overcome the limitations of existing detection systems. The early fire detection systems respond quickly to fires through early fire alarms by combining the change characteristics of heat, carbon monoxide, and fire detection detected in the early stages of fire. For this purpose, the height and changes of heat generated by the pool fire from representative combustibles in the industrial construction site, like iso-octane and polyurethane foam, were analyzed. The optimal height was selected by comparing the actual fire experiment and fire simulation values.
The experiment was conducted to determine the criteria for the early determination of fire through a real fire experiment.
Results of the temperature by the height of combustibles through fire simulation showed that both polyurethane foam and iso-octane reached 60℃ at 2m above the top, but in the case of real-life testing, polyurethane foam and iso-octane, first of all, reached 60℃ first at 1.85m and 1.8m, respectively. It was determined that the temperature difference was because of the heat loss at the top layer of the experimental chamber. Results of CO concentration analysis by height of combustibles through fire simulation showed that in the case of carbon monoxide, the distribution and variation at 93~96 seconds before reaching the safety standard of 1,400 ppm was identified. It was confirmed that changes in concentration were most noticeable at 2 m and that changes in the slope value could generate an early warning before reaching the safety standards. Based on these results, the reasonable optimal height of the temperature sensor for early fire detection system developed in this study was when installed within 10% of the ceiling surface in the protected area, and the CO sensor would be reasonable to be installed as close as possible to the top layer. further, each sensor's fire detection time was derived through fire simulation and real-fire experiments using polyurethane foam and iso-octane, which are representative combustibles of construction sites. The goal was to select the criteria for early determination of fire applicable to industrial construction sites. Finally, in the actual fire test of polyurethane foam and isooctane, it was determined that a step-by-step alarm was possible as the section with the largest change per unit time of elements was confirmed before the time the heat sensor was activated. After deriving a step-by-step fire determination criteria calculation formula for temperature and CO concentration changes, it was found that the multi-sensor fire detection systems in this study detect fire faster than the existing detectors for the two combustion target materials. Based on this result, this research proposed a fire early detection system algorithm that could be applied to industrial construction sites by establishing a step-by-step fire determination criteria using multi-sensor. Also, this research proposed a fire early detection device module.
Although the frequency of fires at construction sites is low, it will be accompanied by a large fire once it occurs. Therefore, this research proposed in this study on early fire detection systems using multi-sensor will serve as basic data for fire management at industrial construction sites.
Recently, the interest and importance of industrial safety have been emphasized. The disasters caused by fires at construction sites are large fires, mostly with human and material damage, even though they are low. This is because, in the industrial sites, fire detectors and early fire extinguishing equipment that minimize damage in the early stages of fire are insufficient to prevent possible fires during construction work. Also, existing fire detection systems have a high false alarm rate. They are highly vulnerable to false signals due to construction sites' various environmental characteristics because it relies on a single sensor that detects smoke or heat. Therefore, this study proposed an early fire detection system and a step-by-step alarm algorithm to overcome the limitations of existing detection systems. The early fire detection systems respond quickly to fires through early fire alarms by combining the change characteristics of heat, carbon monoxide, and fire detection detected in the early stages of fire. For this purpose, the height and changes of heat generated by the pool fire from representative combustibles in the industrial construction site, like iso-octane and polyurethane foam, were analyzed. The optimal height was selected by comparing the actual fire experiment and fire simulation values.
The experiment was conducted to determine the criteria for the early determination of fire through a real fire experiment.
Results of the temperature by the height of combustibles through fire simulation showed that both polyurethane foam and iso-octane reached 60℃ at 2m above the top, but in the case of real-life testing, polyurethane foam and iso-octane, first of all, reached 60℃ first at 1.85m and 1.8m, respectively. It was determined that the temperature difference was because of the heat loss at the top layer of the experimental chamber. Results of CO concentration analysis by height of combustibles through fire simulation showed that in the case of carbon monoxide, the distribution and variation at 93~96 seconds before reaching the safety standard of 1,400 ppm was identified. It was confirmed that changes in concentration were most noticeable at 2 m and that changes in the slope value could generate an early warning before reaching the safety standards. Based on these results, the reasonable optimal height of the temperature sensor for early fire detection system developed in this study was when installed within 10% of the ceiling surface in the protected area, and the CO sensor would be reasonable to be installed as close as possible to the top layer. further, each sensor's fire detection time was derived through fire simulation and real-fire experiments using polyurethane foam and iso-octane, which are representative combustibles of construction sites. The goal was to select the criteria for early determination of fire applicable to industrial construction sites. Finally, in the actual fire test of polyurethane foam and isooctane, it was determined that a step-by-step alarm was possible as the section with the largest change per unit time of elements was confirmed before the time the heat sensor was activated. After deriving a step-by-step fire determination criteria calculation formula for temperature and CO concentration changes, it was found that the multi-sensor fire detection systems in this study detect fire faster than the existing detectors for the two combustion target materials. Based on this result, this research proposed a fire early detection system algorithm that could be applied to industrial construction sites by establishing a step-by-step fire determination criteria using multi-sensor. Also, this research proposed a fire early detection device module.
Although the frequency of fires at construction sites is low, it will be accompanied by a large fire once it occurs. Therefore, this research proposed in this study on early fire detection systems using multi-sensor will serve as basic data for fire management at industrial construction sites.
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