Objectives: Antibiotic resistance leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics. This leads to an increased number of healthcare-associated infections, which is a major public health concern, due to longer hospitalization stays and loss of productivity due to early death. This study aimed ...
Objectives: Antibiotic resistance leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics. This leads to an increased number of healthcare-associated infections, which is a major public health concern, due to longer hospitalization stays and loss of productivity due to early death. This study aimed to identify trend changes in the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection, during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to analyze the relationship between the two.
Methods: CRE infection and COVID-19 data were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control, and a prevention web statistical data system was used for analysis. The trend of CRE infection overtime was confirmed through a simple time-series analysis, and the seasonality of CRE infection was confirmed through a time-series decomposition. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to compare the average incidence of CRE infections by sex, age, and region. Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted as of March 3, 2020, and autocorrelation was confirmed in all regions except Jeju. An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted using the ARIMA model.
Results: A time-series graph confirmed that the trend of CRE infections over time. On the other hand, a time-series decomposition revealed that CRE infections occurred the least in spring, and gradually decreased in incidence starting autumn. A negative binomial regression analysis revealed a significant increase in CRE cases in all Korean regions. No significant difference was seen in CRE incidence among males and females. The average number of CRE infections increased in those 60 to 69 years old. An interrupted time-series analysis revealed that the average number of CRE infections, during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, was only one in Gwangju. There was no significant association between the occurrence of COVID-19 and CRE infection seen in all other Korean regions. This shows that the increase in CRE infection cases is not due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: This study analyzed the changes in the occurrence of CRE infections, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was confirmed that this increase continued even after the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, in some Korean regions. Though the number of cases was expected to decrease due to the implementation of proper hand hygiene, wearing of facemasks, and social distancing, an interrupted time-series analysis using the ARIMA model, showed that there was still an increase in CRE infection cases. Further research is necessary due to the amount of data and factors that may increase or decrease the rate of CRE infections.
Objectives: Antibiotic resistance leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics. This leads to an increased number of healthcare-associated infections, which is a major public health concern, due to longer hospitalization stays and loss of productivity due to early death. This study aimed to identify trend changes in the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection, during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to analyze the relationship between the two.
Methods: CRE infection and COVID-19 data were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control, and a prevention web statistical data system was used for analysis. The trend of CRE infection overtime was confirmed through a simple time-series analysis, and the seasonality of CRE infection was confirmed through a time-series decomposition. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to compare the average incidence of CRE infections by sex, age, and region. Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted as of March 3, 2020, and autocorrelation was confirmed in all regions except Jeju. An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted using the ARIMA model.
Results: A time-series graph confirmed that the trend of CRE infections over time. On the other hand, a time-series decomposition revealed that CRE infections occurred the least in spring, and gradually decreased in incidence starting autumn. A negative binomial regression analysis revealed a significant increase in CRE cases in all Korean regions. No significant difference was seen in CRE incidence among males and females. The average number of CRE infections increased in those 60 to 69 years old. An interrupted time-series analysis revealed that the average number of CRE infections, during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, was only one in Gwangju. There was no significant association between the occurrence of COVID-19 and CRE infection seen in all other Korean regions. This shows that the increase in CRE infection cases is not due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: This study analyzed the changes in the occurrence of CRE infections, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was confirmed that this increase continued even after the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, in some Korean regions. Though the number of cases was expected to decrease due to the implementation of proper hand hygiene, wearing of facemasks, and social distancing, an interrupted time-series analysis using the ARIMA model, showed that there was still an increase in CRE infection cases. Further research is necessary due to the amount of data and factors that may increase or decrease the rate of CRE infections.
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