This study investigated the characteristics of the passive method between Korean and Vietnamese, and revealed the morphological, syntactic, and semantic differences and similarities by contrasting the passive method with a focus on the Korean derivative passive method and the Vietnamese single passive method. Passive has been one of the most difficult grammatical categories for Vietnamese speakers because of the inherent linguistic differences between the agglutinative Korean and the isolating Vietnamese. So, before teaching passive to Vietnamese speakers, I looked closely at the typical passive methods of the two languages and compared them. After manufacturing with ...
This study investigated the characteristics of the passive method between Korean and Vietnamese, and revealed the morphological, syntactic, and semantic differences and similarities by contrasting the passive method with a focus on the Korean derivative passive method and the Vietnamese single passive method. Passive has been one of the most difficult grammatical categories for Vietnamese speakers because of the inherent linguistic differences between the agglutinative Korean and the isolating Vietnamese. So, before teaching passive to Vietnamese speakers, I looked closely at the typical passive methods of the two languages and compared them. After manufacturing with red ginseng, ginsenoside content was analyzed for the entire root. The types of the passive method in Korean are the passive method using the suffixes ‘-이-, -히-, -리-, -기-’, the syntactic passive method by -아/어지다’ and ‘-되다, -받다, -당하다’ passive type. Through example sentences, transitive verbs that can be attached to Korean passive affixes are ‘-이-, -히-, -리-, -기-’ and active nouns ‘되다, 당하다’ were analyzed. Other cases without transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, and adjectives were analyzed. By the Korean passive form, the Korean passive phrase is ‘N2 이/가+ 피동사’ type, ‘N2+ N1에/로/에게(한테)+ 피동사’ type, ‘N2이/가+ N1 에/에게+ N3을/를+ 피동사’ type. It can be divided into ‘passive verb’ form. The morphological characteristics, syntactic characteristics, and semantics of passive and passive sentences in Korean and Vietnamese were analyzed and compared. First, when comparing the component structure of passive sentences, we saw many cases of Vietnamese passive sentences corresponding to Korean passive sentences. Since the two languages belong to different language types, the difference between the two passive methods can be focused on the morphology rather than the commonalities. It can be seen that only the verb categories that can be combined are similar, and the remaining categories are different. Although the two passive methods can be viewed as typical passive methods of each language, there was a difference in their distribution. Unlike the fact that the productivity of the short passive method in Korean is much lower than that of other passive expressions, the productivity of the short passive method in Vietnamese is not limited. By the Vietnamese passive form, the Vietnamese passive phrase is ‘N2+ 피동사 [bi/duoc] +V’ type, ‘N2+ 피동사 [bi/duoc]+N1+ V’ type, ‘N2+ 피동사+ N1+ V’ type. It can be divided into ‘passive verb’ form. In Vietnamese, we change the word order and use passive verbs to form passive sentences. Next, by describing the syntactic characteristics, I tried to respond to the derivative passive method and the passive sentence formed in the short form of [bi/duoc] passive. To this end, the three essential components of each language, i.e., the passive subject, the active subject, and the expression of the actors, were analyzed in contrast and how the structures of the passive sentences corresponded. In semantic contrast analysis, most active words are omitted from passive sentences in Korean, but most active words are not omitted in Vietnamese. If you intentionally omit it, the sentence may become awkward. So, Korean passive sentences are short sentences and Vietnamese passive sentences are mostly compound sentences. In general, since the Vietnamese active sentence subject becomes the subject of the passive sentence predicate, there are always two subjects in the Vietnamese passive sentence. The Korean passive method is complicated because it has four aspects, whereas the Vietnamese passive method is relatively simple because there is only one. The passive method in Vietnamese is the only passive method by passive verb. In Korean, verbs are always combined with ‘았/었다’; to express tense. The tense expression and the passive method have little to do with each other. However, in Vietnamese, the position of the tense nonsense of the passive sentence is different from the position of the tense of the normal sentence. If we compare Korean passive sentences with Vietnamese passive sentences as a semantic type, we cannot accurately grasp the verb changes in Korean passive sentences. In Vietnamese, there are clearly negative and positive expressions. The subject of an active sentence in Korean appears as an adverb by combining with ‘에게/한테’ in the passive sentence in the passive sentence, but it must be combined with ‘에’ in the passive sentence in the indefinite sentence. However, in Vietnamese passive sentences, it does not matter whether the subject of the active sentence is a definite noun or an indefinite noun. In this study, through the analysis results, we can find more differences than similarities between Korean and Vietnamese passive. After comparing the passive method and passive sentences in Korean and Vietnamese, this paper was able to find many differences between the passive sentences in the two languages. Research on passive method education methods for Vietnamese learners who learn Korean should be conducted more actively in the future.
This study investigated the characteristics of the passive method between Korean and Vietnamese, and revealed the morphological, syntactic, and semantic differences and similarities by contrasting the passive method with a focus on the Korean derivative passive method and the Vietnamese single passive method. Passive has been one of the most difficult grammatical categories for Vietnamese speakers because of the inherent linguistic differences between the agglutinative Korean and the isolating Vietnamese. So, before teaching passive to Vietnamese speakers, I looked closely at the typical passive methods of the two languages and compared them. After manufacturing with red ginseng, ginsenoside content was analyzed for the entire root. The types of the passive method in Korean are the passive method using the suffixes ‘-이-, -히-, -리-, -기-’, the syntactic passive method by -아/어지다’ and ‘-되다, -받다, -당하다’ passive type. Through example sentences, transitive verbs that can be attached to Korean passive affixes are ‘-이-, -히-, -리-, -기-’ and active nouns ‘되다, 당하다’ were analyzed. Other cases without transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, and adjectives were analyzed. By the Korean passive form, the Korean passive phrase is ‘N2 이/가+ 피동사’ type, ‘N2+ N1에/로/에게(한테)+ 피동사’ type, ‘N2이/가+ N1 에/에게+ N3을/를+ 피동사’ type. It can be divided into ‘passive verb’ form. The morphological characteristics, syntactic characteristics, and semantics of passive and passive sentences in Korean and Vietnamese were analyzed and compared. First, when comparing the component structure of passive sentences, we saw many cases of Vietnamese passive sentences corresponding to Korean passive sentences. Since the two languages belong to different language types, the difference between the two passive methods can be focused on the morphology rather than the commonalities. It can be seen that only the verb categories that can be combined are similar, and the remaining categories are different. Although the two passive methods can be viewed as typical passive methods of each language, there was a difference in their distribution. Unlike the fact that the productivity of the short passive method in Korean is much lower than that of other passive expressions, the productivity of the short passive method in Vietnamese is not limited. By the Vietnamese passive form, the Vietnamese passive phrase is ‘N2+ 피동사 [bi/duoc] +V’ type, ‘N2+ 피동사 [bi/duoc]+N1+ V’ type, ‘N2+ 피동사+ N1+ V’ type. It can be divided into ‘passive verb’ form. In Vietnamese, we change the word order and use passive verbs to form passive sentences. Next, by describing the syntactic characteristics, I tried to respond to the derivative passive method and the passive sentence formed in the short form of [bi/duoc] passive. To this end, the three essential components of each language, i.e., the passive subject, the active subject, and the expression of the actors, were analyzed in contrast and how the structures of the passive sentences corresponded. In semantic contrast analysis, most active words are omitted from passive sentences in Korean, but most active words are not omitted in Vietnamese. If you intentionally omit it, the sentence may become awkward. So, Korean passive sentences are short sentences and Vietnamese passive sentences are mostly compound sentences. In general, since the Vietnamese active sentence subject becomes the subject of the passive sentence predicate, there are always two subjects in the Vietnamese passive sentence. The Korean passive method is complicated because it has four aspects, whereas the Vietnamese passive method is relatively simple because there is only one. The passive method in Vietnamese is the only passive method by passive verb. In Korean, verbs are always combined with ‘았/었다’; to express tense. The tense expression and the passive method have little to do with each other. However, in Vietnamese, the position of the tense nonsense of the passive sentence is different from the position of the tense of the normal sentence. If we compare Korean passive sentences with Vietnamese passive sentences as a semantic type, we cannot accurately grasp the verb changes in Korean passive sentences. In Vietnamese, there are clearly negative and positive expressions. The subject of an active sentence in Korean appears as an adverb by combining with ‘에게/한테’ in the passive sentence in the passive sentence, but it must be combined with ‘에’ in the passive sentence in the indefinite sentence. However, in Vietnamese passive sentences, it does not matter whether the subject of the active sentence is a definite noun or an indefinite noun. In this study, through the analysis results, we can find more differences than similarities between Korean and Vietnamese passive. After comparing the passive method and passive sentences in Korean and Vietnamese, this paper was able to find many differences between the passive sentences in the two languages. Research on passive method education methods for Vietnamese learners who learn Korean should be conducted more actively in the future.
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