Tobacco smoking is a serious health problem in our society. Smoking typically begins during adolescence, and it increases the risk of many diseases such as lung cancer, bronchitis, and stroke. While smoking rates are declining, smoking is still a serious risk to national health. Currently, there are...
Tobacco smoking is a serious health problem in our society. Smoking typically begins during adolescence, and it increases the risk of many diseases such as lung cancer, bronchitis, and stroke. While smoking rates are declining, smoking is still a serious risk to national health. Currently, there are several medications available to treat smoking addiction, including bupropion, varenicline, and nicotine replacement therapy. However, these medications have the disadvantages of low success rates in smoking cessation and various side effects. Therefore, natural-based smoking cessation aids are being suggested as a good alternative due to their accessibility and minimal side effects. The root and stem of Acanthopanx koreanum (AK) Nakai, a native plant from Jeju Island, South Korea, were traditionally used as a tonic and sedative. In addition, AK extract has shown effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive enhancement. The main components of AK stem extract, Eleutheroside B and Chlorogenic acid, are known to have the highest content. These compounds exhibit various effects such as anti-stress, improvement of memory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AK extracts and their components on ameliorating nicotine addiction and withdrawal symptoms with behavioral tests (conditioned place preference test, locomotor sensitization, withdrawal observation, self-administration) using mice. Also, alteration of dopaminergic and DRD1-EPAC-ERK-CREB pathways which is thought to play a role in nicotine addiction with dopamine ELISA, Western blotting, qRT-PCR using mice brain (NAcc, VTA). Our result shows AK extract and components have reduced the effect of nicotine on CPP, locomotor sensitization, self-administration, and withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, it decreases the dopamine concentration in NAcc and the expression level of nAChr α7 in the VTA due to nicotine administration. Additionally, treatment of AK extract and components normalized the DRD1, ERK, and CREB expression levels. These results indicate that AK extract is believed to affect nicotine addiction behavior and alleviate withdrawal symptoms. This is thought to be due to the decrease in alpha-7 nicotine receptor expression and inhibition of dopamine secretion, which contribute to the alleviation of addiction. Moreover, EB and CGA are considered potential marker components of AK extract.
Tobacco smoking is a serious health problem in our society. Smoking typically begins during adolescence, and it increases the risk of many diseases such as lung cancer, bronchitis, and stroke. While smoking rates are declining, smoking is still a serious risk to national health. Currently, there are several medications available to treat smoking addiction, including bupropion, varenicline, and nicotine replacement therapy. However, these medications have the disadvantages of low success rates in smoking cessation and various side effects. Therefore, natural-based smoking cessation aids are being suggested as a good alternative due to their accessibility and minimal side effects. The root and stem of Acanthopanx koreanum (AK) Nakai, a native plant from Jeju Island, South Korea, were traditionally used as a tonic and sedative. In addition, AK extract has shown effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive enhancement. The main components of AK stem extract, Eleutheroside B and Chlorogenic acid, are known to have the highest content. These compounds exhibit various effects such as anti-stress, improvement of memory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AK extracts and their components on ameliorating nicotine addiction and withdrawal symptoms with behavioral tests (conditioned place preference test, locomotor sensitization, withdrawal observation, self-administration) using mice. Also, alteration of dopaminergic and DRD1-EPAC-ERK-CREB pathways which is thought to play a role in nicotine addiction with dopamine ELISA, Western blotting, qRT-PCR using mice brain (NAcc, VTA). Our result shows AK extract and components have reduced the effect of nicotine on CPP, locomotor sensitization, self-administration, and withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, it decreases the dopamine concentration in NAcc and the expression level of nAChr α7 in the VTA due to nicotine administration. Additionally, treatment of AK extract and components normalized the DRD1, ERK, and CREB expression levels. These results indicate that AK extract is believed to affect nicotine addiction behavior and alleviate withdrawal symptoms. This is thought to be due to the decrease in alpha-7 nicotine receptor expression and inhibition of dopamine secretion, which contribute to the alleviation of addiction. Moreover, EB and CGA are considered potential marker components of AK extract.
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