입상활성탄(GAC) 여과 공정이 상수도 분야의 고도정수처리에만 적용되고, 하ㆍ폐수 처리 분야에서는 적용되지 않고 있는 상황에서 GAC의 외부 반출로 인한 번거로움과 교체에 따른 경제적 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정을 하수재이용에 적용할 때 수질과 경제성 부분에서 타당한지에 대해 검토하였다. 550 ㎥/일 GAC 여과기와 1.5 ㎥ 과열증기 ...
입상활성탄(GAC) 여과 공정이 상수도 분야의 고도정수처리에만 적용되고, 하ㆍ폐수 처리 분야에서는 적용되지 않고 있는 상황에서 GAC의 외부 반출로 인한 번거로움과 교체에 따른 경제적 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정을 하수재이용에 적용할 때 수질과 경제성 부분에서 타당한지에 대해 검토하였다. 550 ㎥/일 GAC 여과기와 1.5 ㎥ 과열증기 활성탄 재생시설로 11개월간 하수처리수 144 ㎥/일을 재이용수로 생산하면서 1.5개월 단위로 7차례에 걸쳐 활성탄을 재생하고, 재생 후의 GAC 성능 확인을 위해 요오드흡착력과 경도를 분석하였으며, 재생 전과 후의 수질을 TOC, COD, BOD, SS, 탁도, 색도, T-N, T-P, pH 등 9개 항목으로 분석하였다. 경제성 평가를 위해 GAC 과열 증기 재생 및 여과 공정의 설치비와 운영비 및 생산단가를 산출하였고, 이를 공업용수 구입비용 및 하수재이용에 주로 사용되는 막여과 공정 비용과 비교 검토하였다. 과열증기 재생 GAC의 성능 검사 결과, 7차례 재생 후에 요오드흡착력이 평균 894 ㎎/g으로 신탄 대비 평균 85.2% 회복되어 흡착성능이 충분히 회복되는 것을 확인하였으며, 경도는 95.0∼99.4%로 재생 후에 큰 변화가 없었다. 재처리 운영 결과, 유기물 수질 항목인 TOC, COD, BOD는 전체 평균 68.3% 제거되었고, 특히 TOC는 85.9%의 높은 제거율을 보였으며, 3개 항목 모두 하천 유지 용수, 친수 용수 등 하수재이용 수질기준에 100% 만족하였다. SS는 97.1%, 탁도는 80.7% 제거되어 입자성 고형물질 제거가 탁월하였고, 색도도 66.7%가 제거되어 탁도·색도 모두 하수재이용 수질기준을 100% 만족하였다. 반면에 영양물질인 T-N과 T-P의 제거율은 8.0%와 –12.8%로 GAC에서는 잘 제거되지 않는다는 것을 확인하였으나, 하수처리장에서 낮은 수질까지 처리·유입되어 용도별 하수재이용 수질기준에는 각 각 92.6%, 100% 만족하였다. GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정의 설치비와 15년간 운영비를 고려한 생산단가는 157.6 원/㎥에서 107.2 원/㎥으로 광역상수도 구매 비용보다 52.0%∼67.3% 저렴하였고, 하수재이용에 많이 도입된 막여과 공정보다 87.1%∼35.9% 저렴한 것으로 평가되어, 하수재이용에 적용하는데 있어 타당성이 충분하다고 판단된다. 향후, 과열 증기를 통해 GAC의 재생을 최대 몇 차례까지 가능한지에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 아울러, 지속가능하게 재생하면서 성능을 발휘하기 위해 재생 시 어느 정도의 신탄을 보충해주는 것이 적정한지에 대한 연구도 필요하다고 생각된다. GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정이 하수재이용 뿐 아니라 하·폐수처리 공정의 추가처리 공정으로 도입된다면, 최근 강화되고 있는 수질관리 정책에 좋은 대책이 될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 공공수역의 수질개선에도 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.
입상활성탄(GAC) 여과 공정이 상수도 분야의 고도정수처리에만 적용되고, 하ㆍ폐수 처리 분야에서는 적용되지 않고 있는 상황에서 GAC의 외부 반출로 인한 번거로움과 교체에 따른 경제적 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정을 하수재이용에 적용할 때 수질과 경제성 부분에서 타당한지에 대해 검토하였다. 550 ㎥/일 GAC 여과기와 1.5 ㎥ 과열증기 활성탄 재생시설로 11개월간 하수처리수 144 ㎥/일을 재이용수로 생산하면서 1.5개월 단위로 7차례에 걸쳐 활성탄을 재생하고, 재생 후의 GAC 성능 확인을 위해 요오드흡착력과 경도를 분석하였으며, 재생 전과 후의 수질을 TOC, COD, BOD, SS, 탁도, 색도, T-N, T-P, pH 등 9개 항목으로 분석하였다. 경제성 평가를 위해 GAC 과열 증기 재생 및 여과 공정의 설치비와 운영비 및 생산단가를 산출하였고, 이를 공업용수 구입비용 및 하수재이용에 주로 사용되는 막여과 공정 비용과 비교 검토하였다. 과열증기 재생 GAC의 성능 검사 결과, 7차례 재생 후에 요오드흡착력이 평균 894 ㎎/g으로 신탄 대비 평균 85.2% 회복되어 흡착성능이 충분히 회복되는 것을 확인하였으며, 경도는 95.0∼99.4%로 재생 후에 큰 변화가 없었다. 재처리 운영 결과, 유기물 수질 항목인 TOC, COD, BOD는 전체 평균 68.3% 제거되었고, 특히 TOC는 85.9%의 높은 제거율을 보였으며, 3개 항목 모두 하천 유지 용수, 친수 용수 등 하수재이용 수질기준에 100% 만족하였다. SS는 97.1%, 탁도는 80.7% 제거되어 입자성 고형물질 제거가 탁월하였고, 색도도 66.7%가 제거되어 탁도·색도 모두 하수재이용 수질기준을 100% 만족하였다. 반면에 영양물질인 T-N과 T-P의 제거율은 8.0%와 –12.8%로 GAC에서는 잘 제거되지 않는다는 것을 확인하였으나, 하수처리장에서 낮은 수질까지 처리·유입되어 용도별 하수재이용 수질기준에는 각 각 92.6%, 100% 만족하였다. GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정의 설치비와 15년간 운영비를 고려한 생산단가는 157.6 원/㎥에서 107.2 원/㎥으로 광역상수도 구매 비용보다 52.0%∼67.3% 저렴하였고, 하수재이용에 많이 도입된 막여과 공정보다 87.1%∼35.9% 저렴한 것으로 평가되어, 하수재이용에 적용하는데 있어 타당성이 충분하다고 판단된다. 향후, 과열 증기를 통해 GAC의 재생을 최대 몇 차례까지 가능한지에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 아울러, 지속가능하게 재생하면서 성능을 발휘하기 위해 재생 시 어느 정도의 신탄을 보충해주는 것이 적정한지에 대한 연구도 필요하다고 생각된다. GAC 여과·이송 및 과열증기 재생 공정이 하수재이용 뿐 아니라 하·폐수처리 공정의 추가처리 공정으로 도입된다면, 최근 강화되고 있는 수질관리 정책에 좋은 대책이 될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 공공수역의 수질개선에도 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.
In this study, in a situation where the granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration process is applied only to advanced water treatment in the waterworks field and not in the sewage and wastewater treatment field, it is possible to solve the inconvenience caused by taking GAC out and the economic pro...
In this study, in a situation where the granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration process is applied only to advanced water treatment in the waterworks field and not in the sewage and wastewater treatment field, it is possible to solve the inconvenience caused by taking GAC out and the economic problems caused by replacement. The feasibility of the GAC filtration/transfer and superheated steam regeneration process in terms of water quality and economic feasibility when applied to sewage reuse was reviewed. With 550 ㎥/day GAC filtration tank and 1.5 ㎥ superheated steam activated carbon regeneration facility, 144 ㎥/day of sewage treatment water is produced as reused water for 11 months, while activated carbon is regenerated 7 times every 1.5 months, and the water quality before and after regeneration is TOC, COD, BOD, SS, turbidity, color, T-N, T-P, and pH were analyzed in 9 items, and iodine adsorption and hardness were analyzed to confirm GAC performance after regeneration. For economic evaluation, the installation cost, operation cost, and production cost of the GAC superheated steam regeneration and filtration process were calculated, and these were compared with the cost of purchasing industrial water and the cost of the membrane filtration process mainly used for sewage reuse. As a result of the performance test of the superheated steam regeneration GAC, it was confirmed that the iodine adsorption power recovered 85.2% on average compared to new carbon after 7 regenerations, and the hardness was 95.0-99.4%, and there was no significant change after regeneration. As a result of the operation, the organic water quality items TOC, COD, and BOD were removed on average by 68.3%, and in particular, TOC showed a high removal rate of 85.9%, and all three items satisfied 100% of the sewage water quality standards such as river maintenance water and hydrophilic water. SS was removed 97.1% and turbidity was removed 80.7%, which was excellent in removing particulate solids, and color was removed 66.7%, so both turbidity and color met 100% of the sewage reuse water quality standards. On the other hand, the removal rates of T-N and T-P, which are nutrients, were 8.0% and -12.8%, confirming that they were not removed well in the GAC, but they were treated and flowed into low-quality water at the sewage treatment plant, and the sewage reuse water quality standard for each use was 92.6% and 100% satisfied. The production cost, considering the installation cost of the GAC filtration/transfer and superheated steam regeneration process and the operating cost for 15 years, ranged from 157.6 won/㎥ to 107.2 won/㎥, which was 52.0% to 67.3% cheaper than the purchase cost of multi-regional waterworks. It is evaluated to be 87.1% to 35.9% cheaper than the filtration process, and it is judged that the feasibility is sufficient in applying to sewage reuse. In the future, it is thought that additional research is needed on how many times GAC can be regenerated through superheated steam. In addition, it is considered necessary to study how much new activated carbon is appropriate to supplement during regeneration in order to demonstrate performance while regenerating sustainably. If the GAC filtration, transfer, and superheated steam regeneration process is introduced as an additional treatment process for sewage and wastewater treatment processes, it can be a good measure for the recently strengthened water quality management policy, which is expected to help improve the water quality in public waters.
In this study, in a situation where the granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration process is applied only to advanced water treatment in the waterworks field and not in the sewage and wastewater treatment field, it is possible to solve the inconvenience caused by taking GAC out and the economic problems caused by replacement. The feasibility of the GAC filtration/transfer and superheated steam regeneration process in terms of water quality and economic feasibility when applied to sewage reuse was reviewed. With 550 ㎥/day GAC filtration tank and 1.5 ㎥ superheated steam activated carbon regeneration facility, 144 ㎥/day of sewage treatment water is produced as reused water for 11 months, while activated carbon is regenerated 7 times every 1.5 months, and the water quality before and after regeneration is TOC, COD, BOD, SS, turbidity, color, T-N, T-P, and pH were analyzed in 9 items, and iodine adsorption and hardness were analyzed to confirm GAC performance after regeneration. For economic evaluation, the installation cost, operation cost, and production cost of the GAC superheated steam regeneration and filtration process were calculated, and these were compared with the cost of purchasing industrial water and the cost of the membrane filtration process mainly used for sewage reuse. As a result of the performance test of the superheated steam regeneration GAC, it was confirmed that the iodine adsorption power recovered 85.2% on average compared to new carbon after 7 regenerations, and the hardness was 95.0-99.4%, and there was no significant change after regeneration. As a result of the operation, the organic water quality items TOC, COD, and BOD were removed on average by 68.3%, and in particular, TOC showed a high removal rate of 85.9%, and all three items satisfied 100% of the sewage water quality standards such as river maintenance water and hydrophilic water. SS was removed 97.1% and turbidity was removed 80.7%, which was excellent in removing particulate solids, and color was removed 66.7%, so both turbidity and color met 100% of the sewage reuse water quality standards. On the other hand, the removal rates of T-N and T-P, which are nutrients, were 8.0% and -12.8%, confirming that they were not removed well in the GAC, but they were treated and flowed into low-quality water at the sewage treatment plant, and the sewage reuse water quality standard for each use was 92.6% and 100% satisfied. The production cost, considering the installation cost of the GAC filtration/transfer and superheated steam regeneration process and the operating cost for 15 years, ranged from 157.6 won/㎥ to 107.2 won/㎥, which was 52.0% to 67.3% cheaper than the purchase cost of multi-regional waterworks. It is evaluated to be 87.1% to 35.9% cheaper than the filtration process, and it is judged that the feasibility is sufficient in applying to sewage reuse. In the future, it is thought that additional research is needed on how many times GAC can be regenerated through superheated steam. In addition, it is considered necessary to study how much new activated carbon is appropriate to supplement during regeneration in order to demonstrate performance while regenerating sustainably. If the GAC filtration, transfer, and superheated steam regeneration process is introduced as an additional treatment process for sewage and wastewater treatment processes, it can be a good measure for the recently strengthened water quality management policy, which is expected to help improve the water quality in public waters.
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