Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with high efficiency become one of the most suitable power generation devices for sustainable energy roadmap. SOFCs are capable of using various types of fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, ethanol, methanol, biomass, and ammonia. Among them, ammonia is one of the most...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with high efficiency become one of the most suitable power generation devices for sustainable energy roadmap. SOFCs are capable of using various types of fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, ethanol, methanol, biomass, and ammonia. Among them, ammonia is one of the most promising candidates owing to advantage of storage, carbon-free emission, and high volumetric energy density. To achieve full commercialization of ammonia-fed SOFC systems, however, several obstacles should be overcome, such as degradation of performance caused by material problem, robust and efficient operation of auxiliary components, controlling the system to adapt load changing, and designing system configuration to obtain both high efficiency and low cost.
Since the three first problems have shown much progress in the last decade, the final one will be focused by proposing two novel SOFC systems using, first, a combination of an internal combustion engine with SOFC stack to form engine-SOFC hybrid system and, second, water condensation in anode off-gas recirculation configuration. To assess pros and cons of these systems, energetic, exergetic, and economic analysis methods will be conducted.
Energetic analysis points out that the two proposed systems show a great improvement since they significantly enhance electrical efficiency compared to typical ammonia-fed SOFC systems (standalone and recirculation without water condensation system).
Through the exergetic analysis, inefficient components in each system are figured out. Burner, which is used to burn the anode off-gas, and heat exchanger, especially air side, are the main sources of inefficiency. SOFC stack contributes a relatively large amount of destruction of exergy to the system, but its exergetic efficiency is high, over 84% in all systems, owing to its effectively operation including internal reforming.
The economic analysis reveals optimal working condition, based on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), not only for two proposed systems, but also for basic typical ones, bringing information for further improvements. The two proposed systems show lower LCOE compared to the others, especially the engine-SOFC hybrid system, owing to the low cost of the engine. In comparison to hybrid system, however, the recirculation with water condensation system obtains higher efficiency, raising a question about balancing between cost and efficiency, which can be somewhat answered by conducting environmental impact assessment, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), for these systems.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with high efficiency become one of the most suitable power generation devices for sustainable energy roadmap. SOFCs are capable of using various types of fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, ethanol, methanol, biomass, and ammonia. Among them, ammonia is one of the most promising candidates owing to advantage of storage, carbon-free emission, and high volumetric energy density. To achieve full commercialization of ammonia-fed SOFC systems, however, several obstacles should be overcome, such as degradation of performance caused by material problem, robust and efficient operation of auxiliary components, controlling the system to adapt load changing, and designing system configuration to obtain both high efficiency and low cost.
Since the three first problems have shown much progress in the last decade, the final one will be focused by proposing two novel SOFC systems using, first, a combination of an internal combustion engine with SOFC stack to form engine-SOFC hybrid system and, second, water condensation in anode off-gas recirculation configuration. To assess pros and cons of these systems, energetic, exergetic, and economic analysis methods will be conducted.
Energetic analysis points out that the two proposed systems show a great improvement since they significantly enhance electrical efficiency compared to typical ammonia-fed SOFC systems (standalone and recirculation without water condensation system).
Through the exergetic analysis, inefficient components in each system are figured out. Burner, which is used to burn the anode off-gas, and heat exchanger, especially air side, are the main sources of inefficiency. SOFC stack contributes a relatively large amount of destruction of exergy to the system, but its exergetic efficiency is high, over 84% in all systems, owing to its effectively operation including internal reforming.
The economic analysis reveals optimal working condition, based on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), not only for two proposed systems, but also for basic typical ones, bringing information for further improvements. The two proposed systems show lower LCOE compared to the others, especially the engine-SOFC hybrid system, owing to the low cost of the engine. In comparison to hybrid system, however, the recirculation with water condensation system obtains higher efficiency, raising a question about balancing between cost and efficiency, which can be somewhat answered by conducting environmental impact assessment, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), for these systems.
Keyword
#Ammonia-fed SOFC SOFC systems Cost Optimization Efficiency Optimization
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