[논문]Morphology and Electrical Conductivity of PS/PMMA/SMMA Blends Filled with Carbon Black

Lee, Moo-Sung; Ha, Min-Gyu; Ko, Hyun-Jin; Yang, Kap-Seung; Lee, Wan-Jin; Park, Min

doi:10.1007/bf02874874

[국내논문] Morphology and Electrical Conductivity of PS/PMMA/SMMA Blends Filled with Carbon Black 원문보기

Fibers and polymers, v.1 no.1, 2000년, pp.32 - 36

Lee, Moo-Sung (Department of Textile Engineering and Advanced Materials Research Institute, Chonnam National University) , Ha, Min-Gyu (Department of Textile Engineering and Advanced Materials Research Institute, Chonnam National University) , Ko, Hyun-Jin (Department of Textile Engineering and Advanced Materials Research Institute, Chonnam National University) , Yang, Kap-Seung (Department of Textile Engineering and Advanced Materials Research Institute, Chonnam National University) , Lee, Wan-Jin (Faculty of Applied chemistry, Chonnam National University) , Park, Min (Polymer Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)

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An alternative strategy to .educe the percolation threshold of carbon black (CB) in polymer blends was investigated using random copolymer ternary blends of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), and a styrene-methyl methacrylate random copolymer (SMMA). The target morphology was to selectively locate CB particles in the encapsulating layer of SMMA during melt mixing. The CB used in this study is BP-2000 from Cabot and has a strong selective affinity to PS. Even when the CB was premixed with SMMA, it moves to the PS phase during the melt mixing. However, we also observed the CB particles located at the interface between SMMA and PS phases. Through this study it is found that the interaction between polymers and CB particles is critical for selectively localizing CB particles in multi-component polymer blends. Although appropriate processing condition may retard the movement of CB particles to the polymer phase with affinity, it cannot prevent it completely and locate them to the SMMA phase, which is not thermodynamically favored. To locate CB particles in an encapsulating layer of ternary polymer blends, first of all, polymers forming it should have selective affinity to CB.

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문제 정의

CB used. Therefore, it is important to investigate which polymer has a selective affinity to CB used in this study. Figure 1 shows TEM micrographs of 90/10 PMMA/ CB and 50/50 PS/(90/10 PMMA/CB) composites.

가설 설정

a) As expected, the electrical resistivity of SMMA significantly decreases by several decades with adding CB. At 20 wt % CB loading the value reached to 7.
b) During melt mixing the CB particles moves from premixed SMMA phase to PS phase having larger selective affinity to CB, even though the difference in selective affinity between PS and SMMA is expected to be small. This indicates that the surface characteristic of CB and thus its relative interaction with polymers are critical in determining where CB locates in the multiphase blend systems.
b) The electrical resistivity of 50/50/10 PS/PMMA/(80/ 20 SMMA/CB) composite, which has the 1.8 wt % CB, is beyond the measurement limit of our instrument, whereas that of 50/50/20 composite with 3.3 wt % CB have the electrical conductivity of 2.4 X 103 Q , cm. The value is between those of 95/5 and 90/10 SMMA/CB composites.
c) The blend prepared by one-step mixing has lower electrical resistivity rather than that prepared by two-step mixing. This is interesting because two-step mixing is effective in selectively localize CB particles at interface.

제안 방법

5% RuO₄ in water solution, if not notified. As phenylene unit in polymers is preferentially stained under the conditions used in this study, PS appears dark, SMMA gray, and PMMA white in bright field TEM[14], The electrical resistivity of polymer composites with CB was measured using a four-probe technique. The details for measurement are well described in reference 15.
In this study we investigated another method to reduce the percolation threshold of CB in polymer blends using ternary polymer blends with encapsulating structure. The target morphology was to selectively locate the CB particles in the encapsulating layer located between matrix and dispersed phase.
In the blends SMMA has the strong tendency to encapsulate minor phase due to a thermodynamic reason[12]. The location of CB particles in the blends was cliaracterized using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and how the morphology affects the electrical conductivity of the blends was investigated.

성능/효과

The experimental results reported in this study emphasize that the surface characteristics of CB plays a critical role in selectively localizing them to a preferred position, an interface between matrix and dispersed phase in binary polymer blends or an encapsulating later in ternary polymer blends. Even though SMMA has 70 wt % styrene units and thus has similar solubility parameter to PS, the migration of CB particles from SMMA phase to PS phase can be not prevented completely, indicating that the thermodynamic factor is foremost important in selectively localizing the CB particles.
a) Even though CB particles are added to SMMA phase and thus increase the melt viscosity of SMMA, the SMMA still forms an encapsulating layer, indicating that the CB does not affect the encapsulating structure of the PS/PMMA/SMMA blends with CB. It is noteworthy that the relative melt viscosity is critical for the morphology evolution of binary and ternary polymer blends, especially at the early stage of mixing] 16, 17].

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[국내논문] Morphology and Electrical Conductivity of PS/PMMA/SMMA Blends Filled with Carbon Black 원문보기

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[국내논문] Morphology and Electrical Conductivity of PS/PMMA/SMMA Blends Filled with Carbon Black 원문보기

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