[논문]초음파 투사에 따른 흙시료 내 투수속도의 증가와 그 영향인자의 변화

김영욱; 양성재; 김지형

초음파 투사에 따른 흙시료 내 투수속도의 증가와 그 영향인자의 변화
Ultrasonically Enhanced Liquid Flow through Porous Media and Variance of Influencing Factors 원문보기

韓國地盤工學會論文集 = Journal of the Korean geotechnical society, v.20 no.7, 2004년, pp.91 - 98

김영욱 (Dept. of Civil & Environ. Engrg., Myongji Univ.) , 양성재 (Dept. of Civil & Environ. Engrg., Korea Univ.) , 김지형 (Dept. of Civil & Environ. Engrg., Korea Univ.)

초록
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초음파 투사에 의한 흙시료 내 투수속도 증가에 관한 연구를 특별히 제작되어 준비된 실내실험 기구를 이용하여 수행하였다. 이 현상의 정확한 메커니즘을 이해하려는 노력의 일환으로 본 연구에서는, 초음파 투사시 투수속도 변화를 지배하는 영향인자를 도출하였다. 그리고, 다양한 실험 조건 하(시료의 종류, 초음파 조사의 유무, 그리고 온도 등)에 초음파에 의한 투수속도의 증가와 함께 이에 대한 메커니즘을 영향인자의 변화를 통해 살펴보았다. 연구결과에 의하면 초음파에 의해 시료내의 간극수 흐름이 크게 빨라졌으나 시험조건에 따라 그 값의 변화 폭이 크게 나타났다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This paper presented results of the laboratory tests conducted to investigate ultrasonically enhanced flow rate using specially designed and fabricated equipment. Influencing factor, ${\alpha}_i$ was verified to investigate the effect of ultrasound on soil matrix and flowing liquid. The test conditions involve soil types, temperature and ultrasonic energy. The test results indicate that ultrasound enhances the flow rate significantly. The degree of enhancement and the values of influencing factors, however, vary with test conditions.

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문제 정의

Such a methodology is essential in the practical application of using stress waves to enhance the flow of the pore liquid. It is with this objective in mind that this study was undertaken. The study investigates the effect of ultrasound on flow rate through laboratory study within a various range of the test conditions.

가설 설정

(1) Ultrasound enhances the flow rate of liquid through porous media significantly. The degree of enhancement varies with test conditions.
(1984, 1987) showed that high intensity ultrasonic probe can disperse particulate suspensions resulting in an enhancement of the contaminant extraction. He hypothesized that a sound wave generates positive and negative pressure alternatively and thus stimulates the flow of liquids resulting in a change of the behavior. Reddi and Challa (1994), and Reddi and Wu (1996) presented that ultrasonic waves can increase not only the mobility of liquid ganglia but the porosity of the soil as well, resulting in a decrease in viscosity and buoyant pressure.

제안 방법

The measurement was taken for the flow rate and the tests were started after obtaining the steady state of the outflow which takes about 3 days. After each test, particle size analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of ultrasound on soil particles.
Tests were started with carefully placing a pre-weighed soil sample in the test chamber. The soil specimen is then sandwiched between two #200 mesh screens to retain soil particles while allowing water to flow through the soil specimen.
The laboratory testing involved one-dimensional constant head tests and soil characteristics determinations. The constant head tests were conducted using specially designed and fabricated test equipment which is shown schematically in Figure 1.
It is with this objective in mind that this study was undertaken. The study investigates the effect of ultrasound on flow rate through laboratory study within a various range of the test conditions.
The test results of the flow rate are presented in Figures 3, 4, and 5 for Joomoonjin sand, a granite Tests were started with carefully placing a pre-weighed residual soil A, and a granite residual soil B, respectively. soil sample in the test chamber.
Equation (3) tells that enhanced flow rate due to ultrasound is a complex combination of changed values in viscosity, effective grain size, uniformity coefficient, void ratio, and hydraulic gradient. This paper named those factors as influencing factors, and investigated variation of influencing fectors due to ultrasound.
This paper presented results of the laboratory tests conducted to investigate ultrasonically enhanced flow rate and variation of influencing factors using specially designed and fabricated equipment. The test conditions involve soil type (Joomoonjin sand, a granite residual soil A, and a granite residual soil B), temperature, and ultrasonic power.

대상 데이터

The constant head tests were conducted using specially designed and fabricated test equipment which is shown schematically in Figure 1. As shown, the test setup was composed of two parts - an ultrasonic processor and a test chamber, which was connected to a pump and de-aired water reservoir.
The test chamber was made of a Plexiglas cylinder having an inside diameter of 5.0 cm with a height of 20 cm. In the upper part of the cylinder are installed an inlet and an outlet tubes.
The test soils were commeTci이ly available Joomoonjin sand, a granite residual soil A, and a granite residual soil B which are very common in the Korean peninsular. Table 1 represents the physical properties of the test soils.
The ultrasonic processor device was a 500W-Ultrasonic Processor manufactured by Cole-Parmer International. The Processor was calibrated by the manufacturer.

성능/효과

(3) In relatively low ultrasoxmd power soil type controls the enhancement of flow rate due to ultrasound whereas the particle size distribution of soil does the enhancement of flow rate due to ultrasound in high ultrasound power.
(4) Applying ultraso니nd to enhancing flow rate of the pore liquid, hydraulic gradient could be the major factor to obtain a significant effectiveness.
Variation of a i might indicate the portions of the effectiveness of ultrasound on soil mass and liquid. As results of investigation, viscosity was decreased. However, voids in Joomoonjin sand, a granite residual soil B increased whereas voids in a granite residual soil A decreased.

참고문헌 (11)

Aarts, A.C.T., Ooms G., Bil KJ., and Bot E.T.G. (1998), 'Enhancement of Liquid Flow Through a Porous Medium by Ultrasonic Radiation', Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 50594
Amer, A. M. and Award A. A. (1974), 'Permeability of Cohesioless Soils', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol.100, No.GT12, pp.1309-1316
Berliner, S. III (1984), Power vs. Intensity in sonication, American Biotechnology Laboratory, 2(1), pp.46-52
Berliner, S. III (1987), Improving sonication techniques in CLP organic analysis and solid waste extraction, U.S. EPA $3^{rd}$ Annual; Symposium on Solid Waste Testing Quality Assurance, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC
Darcy, H. (1856), Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon, Dalmont, Paris
Parker, G. G., and Stringfield, V. T. (1950), Effects ofEarthquakes, trains, tides, winds, and atmospheric pressure changes on water in the geologic formation ofSouthern Florida: Economic Geology, 45, pp.441-460
Poesio P., Ooms G., Barake S., and Bas F.v.d. (2002), 'An investigation of the influence of acoustic waves on the liquid flow through a porous material', Journal Acoustical Society America, 111(5), pp.2019-2025

상세보기
Poesio P., Ooms G., Schraven A., and Bas F.v.d. (2002), 'Theo-retical and experimental investigation of acoustic streaming in a porous material', Physical review E66, 016309(9)
Reddi, L. N. and Challa, S. (1994), 'Vibratory mobilization of immiscible liquid ganglia in sands', Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol.120, No.5, pp.1170-1190

상세보기
Reddi, L. N. and Wu, H. (1995), 'Mechanisms involved in vibratory destabilization of NAPL ganglia in sands', Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vo1.122, No.12, pp.1115-11l9

상세보기
Voytov, G. I., Osika, D. G., Grechukhina, T. G., and Plotnikov, I. A. (1972), Some geological and geochemical consequences of the Daghestan earthquake of May 14, 1970, Transactions (Doklady) of the USSR Academy of Science, Earth Science Sections, 202, pp.576-579

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초음파 투사에 따른 흙시료 내 투수속도의 증가와 그 영향인자의 변화
Ultrasonically Enhanced Liquid Flow through Porous Media and Variance of Influencing Factors 원문보기

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초음파 투사에 따른 흙시료 내 투수속도의 증가와 그 영향인자의 변화 Ultrasonically Enhanced Liquid Flow through Porous Media and Variance of Influencing Factors 원문보기

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Ultrasonically Enhanced Liquid Flow through Porous Media and Variance of Influencing Factors 원문보기

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