일본의 제 3 기 퇴적암이 분포하고 있는 대규모 산사태 지역에 있어서 계절에 따른 지하수위 변동을 파악하기 위하여 전기비저항탐사를 적용하였다. 기존의 시추조사가 수행된 NE-SW 방향으로 탐사측선을 설치하고, 동일 탐사측선에 대해서 눈이 녹은 6월과 눈이 오기전의 10월에 각각 전기비저항탐사를 실시하였다. 또한 산사태 지역에 두껍게 분포하고 있는 화산쇄설성 퇴적물 시료를 재취하여 실내에서 함수비를 인위적으로 조절하면서 전기비저항을 측정하고, 이 결과로 부터 포화상태의 화산쇄성설 퇴적물의 전기비저항이 573 ohm-m 임을 밝혔다. 이 값을 이용하여 2 회에 결쳐 실시한 산사태 지역의 전기비저항분포로부터 화산쇄설성 퇴적층 내에 분포하고 있는 지하수위를 추정할 수 있었다. 그 결과 눈이 오기 전보다 눈이 녹은 후의 융설기에 지하수위가 $1.1\~4.7m$ 정도 높은 것으로 평가되었으며, 화산쇄설성 퇴적층이 두껍게 쌓여 있는 산사태 지역의 상부에서 지하수위 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이유는 눈이 녹은 시기에 다량의 융설수가 지표로 침투되어 지하수위가 상승하고 있으며, 산사태 지역의 지하수 공급이 상부의 두꺼운 화산쇄설성 퇴적층에서 일어나고 있기 때문임을 알았다.
일본의 제 3 기 퇴적암이 분포하고 있는 대규모 산사태 지역에 있어서 계절에 따른 지하수위 변동을 파악하기 위하여 전기비저항탐사를 적용하였다. 기존의 시추조사가 수행된 NE-SW 방향으로 탐사측선을 설치하고, 동일 탐사측선에 대해서 눈이 녹은 6월과 눈이 오기전의 10월에 각각 전기비저항탐사를 실시하였다. 또한 산사태 지역에 두껍게 분포하고 있는 화산쇄설성 퇴적물 시료를 재취하여 실내에서 함수비를 인위적으로 조절하면서 전기비저항을 측정하고, 이 결과로 부터 포화상태의 화산쇄성설 퇴적물의 전기비저항이 573 ohm-m 임을 밝혔다. 이 값을 이용하여 2 회에 결쳐 실시한 산사태 지역의 전기비저항분포로부터 화산쇄설성 퇴적층 내에 분포하고 있는 지하수위를 추정할 수 있었다. 그 결과 눈이 오기 전보다 눈이 녹은 후의 융설기에 지하수위가 $1.1\~4.7m$ 정도 높은 것으로 평가되었으며, 화산쇄설성 퇴적층이 두껍게 쌓여 있는 산사태 지역의 상부에서 지하수위 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이유는 눈이 녹은 시기에 다량의 융설수가 지표로 침투되어 지하수위가 상승하고 있으며, 산사태 지역의 지하수 공급이 상부의 두꺼운 화산쇄설성 퇴적층에서 일어나고 있기 때문임을 알았다.
We present the results of electrical resistivity surveys carried out to estimate the seasonal variation of the water table level in a large-scale landslide area of Tertiary geology in Japan. One long profile, trending NE-SW, was established perpendicular to the main regional geology of the region. T...
We present the results of electrical resistivity surveys carried out to estimate the seasonal variation of the water table level in a large-scale landslide area of Tertiary geology in Japan. One long profile, trending NE-SW, was established perpendicular to the main regional geology of the region. Three boreholes are located very close to the profile. The profile was surveyed twice, once before snowfall and once after snow had melted. The relationship between resistivity and water saturation of pyroclastic materials was clarified through laboratory tests. We did this in order to estimate the water content of the pyroclastic layer from the observed resistivity distribution in the landslide area. The resistivity of the saturated pyroclastic deposit calculated using an empirical formula was found to be $570{\Omega}.m$. Based on this computed resistivity, the groundwater level was deduced by assuming that the pyroclastic deposits were fully saturated beneath the water table. We show that the estimated water table before snowfall is lower than that inferred after snow has melted, by about 1.1 to 4.7 m. This suggests that the water table in the upper part of the pyroclastic layer in the landslide area fluctuates greatly, compared to the lower part. This seasonal groundwater fluctuation is possibly caused by the infiltration of water into the subsurface after snowmelt.
We present the results of electrical resistivity surveys carried out to estimate the seasonal variation of the water table level in a large-scale landslide area of Tertiary geology in Japan. One long profile, trending NE-SW, was established perpendicular to the main regional geology of the region. Three boreholes are located very close to the profile. The profile was surveyed twice, once before snowfall and once after snow had melted. The relationship between resistivity and water saturation of pyroclastic materials was clarified through laboratory tests. We did this in order to estimate the water content of the pyroclastic layer from the observed resistivity distribution in the landslide area. The resistivity of the saturated pyroclastic deposit calculated using an empirical formula was found to be $570{\Omega}.m$. Based on this computed resistivity, the groundwater level was deduced by assuming that the pyroclastic deposits were fully saturated beneath the water table. We show that the estimated water table before snowfall is lower than that inferred after snow has melted, by about 1.1 to 4.7 m. This suggests that the water table in the upper part of the pyroclastic layer in the landslide area fluctuates greatly, compared to the lower part. This seasonal groundwater fluctuation is possibly caused by the infiltration of water into the subsurface after snowmelt.
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문제 정의
In this study we examined the application of the electrical resistivity method to groundwater investigation in a Tertiary large-scale landslide area. In this area, a thick pyroclastic layer lies on a Tertiary mudstone bed in which there is a slip surface, and the water table lies within the pyroclastic layer.
제안 방법
This was done in order to examine the effect of saturation on the resistivity of the pyroclastic layer. First, the physical properties of the pyroclastic materials were obtained, using block samples collected from various locations in the survey area (Table 1). The samples were prepared by air-drying before adjusting the saturation.
In this study, we have investigated the shape of the water table and its seasonal variations in a known landslide area in Japan, by conducting an electrical resistivity survey in this area in two phases, firstly before the onset of winter snowfall and secondly after the snow had melted. Usin응 the well-established relationship between resistivity and water saturation, the water-table level in a pyroclastic deposit layer was estimated.
In this area, a thick pyroclastic layer lies on a Tertiary mudstone bed in which there is a slip surface, and the water table lies within the pyroclastic layer. Therefore, we established a survey line along the main longitudinal line, where boring had already been carried out, and an electrical resistivity survey was carried in two phases along this profile: the first before snowfall, and the second after snow had melted. The resistivity distribution in the subsurface was obtained by inversion analysis.
대상 데이터
The Dozan River landslide region is located in the Mogami District of Okuramura, Yamagata Prefecture (Figure 1), where a large landslide occurred in May 1996 immediately after snowmelt. Cracking, and collapse of subsurface structures, occurred along the road that passed through the area.
The research area is a large-scale landslide area where there is a thick pyroclastic layer on top of a Tertiary mudstone bed, and a slip surface exists within the mudstone. Observations of the water table in the existing boreholes confirmed that the water table lies in the pyroclastic deposit layer.
The electrical survey was carried out along the same survey line on two different occasions, first after snow had melted (June 1-5, 1999) and secondly before the next snowfalls (October 24-30, 1999). The survey line was 1480 m long. The electrode layout used was the dipole-dipole configuration with electrode interval of 10 m.
성능/효과
Furthermore, seasonal groundwater fluctuations were examined by estimating the water table from the resistivity distribution both before snow fell and after the snow had melted. The results confirmed that the estimated water table found before snowfall is, in general, lower than after the snowmelt by distances of between about 1.1 to 4.7 m. Also, the estimated water table in the upper part of the landslide area fluctuated greatly compared with that of the lower part.
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