Postpartum Reproductive Management Based on the Routine Farm Records of a Dairy Herd: Relationship between the Metabolic Parameters and Postpartum Ovarian Activity원문보기
Takagi, Mitsuhiro
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Kagoshima University)
,
Hirai, Toshiya
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Moriyama, Naoki
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Ohtani, Masayuki
(Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Miyamoto, Akio
(Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
,
Wijayagunawardane, Missaka P.B.
(Department of Animal Science, University of Peradeniya)
The aim of this study was 1) to confirm the practical efficiency of a routine milk P4 monitoring system for postpartum reproductive management of a dairy herd, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the blood metabolic profiles, milk quality and body weight of individual cows in the farm record...
The aim of this study was 1) to confirm the practical efficiency of a routine milk P4 monitoring system for postpartum reproductive management of a dairy herd, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the blood metabolic profiles, milk quality and body weight of individual cows in the farm records, which may reflect the postpartum nutritional condition, and the time of postpartum resumption of ovarian activity of dairy cows. A total of 116 Holstein cows was used in the present study. First, during the period of Experiment 1, postpartum reproductive management based on weekly measured milk P4 concentration from individual cows was conducted. Compared with the reproductive records of the past two years without P4 monitoring, although the day from calving to first AI did not change, both the number of AI until pregnant (with P4; 1.9 times vs. without P4; 2.9 times) and the days open (with P4; 95.1 days vs. without P4; 135.8 days and 133.8 days) were significantly decreased. In Experiment 2, the measurement of blood constituents such as albumin, blood urea nitrogen, packed cell volume, ammonia, glucose, total cholesterol, non-esterified, AST and $\gamma$-GTP was performed on the blood samples taken once approximately 14 days postpartum, to monitor both health and nutritional conditions. The milk constituent parameters, such as milk protein (MP), milk fat (MF), SNF and lactose, collected from the monthly progeny test of individual cows, were used to monitor the postpartum nutritional status. Furthermore, the data obtained from the routine measurements of body weight were used to calculate the rate of peripartum body weight loss. The resumption day of the postpartum estrous cycle was assumed from the milk P4 profiles of individual cows. There was no clear relationship between each parameter from blood examination and those from resumption time. However, the cows had low values of MP, and SNF, which significantly affected the resumption of the postpartum estrous cycle. Similarly, a higher rate of body weight loss indicated a significant delay (more than 1 month) in the resumption of the postpartum estrous cycle, compared with the groups that had a medium or lower rate of body weight loss. The results of the present study demonstrated that the implementation of routine milk P4 monitoring-based postpartum reproductive management, together with milk quality parameters and routine BW data available in field conditions may be utilized as a practical approach for increasing the postpartum reproductive efficiency of a high yielding dairy herd.
The aim of this study was 1) to confirm the practical efficiency of a routine milk P4 monitoring system for postpartum reproductive management of a dairy herd, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the blood metabolic profiles, milk quality and body weight of individual cows in the farm records, which may reflect the postpartum nutritional condition, and the time of postpartum resumption of ovarian activity of dairy cows. A total of 116 Holstein cows was used in the present study. First, during the period of Experiment 1, postpartum reproductive management based on weekly measured milk P4 concentration from individual cows was conducted. Compared with the reproductive records of the past two years without P4 monitoring, although the day from calving to first AI did not change, both the number of AI until pregnant (with P4; 1.9 times vs. without P4; 2.9 times) and the days open (with P4; 95.1 days vs. without P4; 135.8 days and 133.8 days) were significantly decreased. In Experiment 2, the measurement of blood constituents such as albumin, blood urea nitrogen, packed cell volume, ammonia, glucose, total cholesterol, non-esterified, AST and $\gamma$-GTP was performed on the blood samples taken once approximately 14 days postpartum, to monitor both health and nutritional conditions. The milk constituent parameters, such as milk protein (MP), milk fat (MF), SNF and lactose, collected from the monthly progeny test of individual cows, were used to monitor the postpartum nutritional status. Furthermore, the data obtained from the routine measurements of body weight were used to calculate the rate of peripartum body weight loss. The resumption day of the postpartum estrous cycle was assumed from the milk P4 profiles of individual cows. There was no clear relationship between each parameter from blood examination and those from resumption time. However, the cows had low values of MP, and SNF, which significantly affected the resumption of the postpartum estrous cycle. Similarly, a higher rate of body weight loss indicated a significant delay (more than 1 month) in the resumption of the postpartum estrous cycle, compared with the groups that had a medium or lower rate of body weight loss. The results of the present study demonstrated that the implementation of routine milk P4 monitoring-based postpartum reproductive management, together with milk quality parameters and routine BW data available in field conditions may be utilized as a practical approach for increasing the postpartum reproductive efficiency of a high yielding dairy herd.
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제안 방법
Thus, the objective of this study was 1) to evaluate the efficiency of routine milk P4 monitoring-based reproductive management in acquiring early resumption of postpartum ovarian activity and thus, improving the reproductive efficacy of the postpartum dairy herd, and 2) to evaluate the relationship between the time of postpartum resumption of ovarian activity, and the nutritional status of the cow. The data available from farm records on blood metabolic profiles, milk quality parameters and body weight of individual cows were used for evaluating the nutritional status.
Milk examination : The data on milk fat (MF), solid non-fat (SNF), milk protein (MP) and lactose (LAC) content were obtained from farm records, and were routinely collected for the dairy herd in the progeny test at the beginning of each month. The measurements were done at the Laboratory Section of Tokachi Federation of Agriculture Cooperation (Obihiro, Japan), using an automatic milk component analyzer (FOSS SYSTEM 4000; Foss Electric, Inc.; Denmark). To avoid the individual variation of days from calving to examination, data obtained around 30 days (first or second postpartum milk examination) were used to compare MF, SNF, MP and LAC content.
; Denmark). To avoid the individual variation of days from calving to examination, data obtained around 30 days (first or second postpartum milk examination) were used to compare MF, SNF, MP and LAC content.
대상 데이터
0%) were considered to have not had any luteal activity during the VWP. Eleven of these 13 cows were treated with CIDR. After the treatment, 8 of the cows (72.
The study was conducted in the Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in Hokkaido Prefecture of Japan. The ambient temperature there ranges from -20℃ to 35℃ from winter to summer.
데이터처리
Data handling and statistical analysis : Reproductive records such as those of the day of the first AI after parturition, the number of AI until pregnancy, and the days open period of the cows (n = 20) after implementation of the P4 monitoring system were compared with those of the cows calved at the same period during the previous 2 years (before implementation ofthe P4 monitoring system), using ANOVA and post-hoc tests.
Data handling and statistical analysis : Reproductive records such as those of the day of the first AI after parturition, the number of AI until pregnancy, and the days open period of the cows (n = 20) after implementation of the P4 monitoring system were compared with those of the cows calved at the same period during the previous 2 years (before implementation ofthe P4 monitoring system), using ANOVA and post-hoc tests.
, 1999). The days spent before the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity between each group were compared using the unpaired t-test with STATVIEW computer software (Abacus Concepts, Inc., Berkeley, CA). Probabilities less than 0.
, 1999). The days spent before the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity between each group were compared using the unpaired t-test with STATVIEW computer software (Abacus Concepts, Inc., Berkeley, CA). Probabilities less than 0.
성능/효과
Their next estrus was predicted based on changes in the P4 profiles. 2) Cows that did not have P4 concentrations of more than 2 ng/ml; such cows were considered to have not had any luteal activity during the VWP and were diagnosed with postpartum anestrus. These cows were treated with GnRH analogue (fertirelin acetate, 100 μg; IM) or CIDR (Beal, 1996) to induce the next ovulation.
The results of the present practical study clearly demonstrated that the implementation of routine milk P4 monitoring-based postpartum reproductive management shortened the days open and reduced the number of AI. The cows with high profiles of MP, MF and SNF, had early postpartum resumption of ovarian activity.
(1998) reported that approximately 90% of the ovarian functional abnormalities of postpartum dairy cows were due to anestrus and prolonged CL. The results of the present study also indicated that both anestrus and prolonged CL accounted for 94.7% of the ovarian functional abnormalities. Using the milk P4 profiles, all anestrus cows were detected during the VWP (with 40 days), although at least 2 more P4 profiles are needed to detect prolonged CL or irregular cyclicity (approximately 60 days postpartum).
The results of the present study demonstrated that the implementation of routine milk P4 monitoring-based postpartum reproductive management, together with milk quality parameters and routine BW data available at the farm, may be utilized as a practical approach to increasing the postpartum reproductive efficiency of a high yielding dairy herd.
후속연구
Similarly, in the present study, Glu, T-Cho and FA were determined as indicators of energy metabolism while AST and γ-GTP were determined as indicators of liver function, and no significant relationships were observed among them. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrated that metabolic parameters derived from one blood sampling at the nadir period of NEB might not be a practical indicator for monitoring the postpartum ovarian activity in a dairy herd. On the other hand, the levels of blood components reflect not only the nutritional status but also the health and physiological condition of each cow.
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