Ngu, Nguyen Trong
(Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Agriculture, Cantho University)
,
Ledin, Inger
(Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Agriculture, Cantho University)
The effects of feeding Brassica vegetable market wastes on intake, body weight changes and pesticide/insecticide residues in products of goats were evaluated in two experiments. In the first experiment (Exp. 1) 16 goats (Bach Thao, 9 to 10 kg, 3 months old, 9 males and 7 females) were fed four diets...
The effects of feeding Brassica vegetable market wastes on intake, body weight changes and pesticide/insecticide residues in products of goats were evaluated in two experiments. In the first experiment (Exp. 1) 16 goats (Bach Thao, 9 to 10 kg, 3 months old, 9 males and 7 females) were fed four diets with leaves either from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) or Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) with 30% of Para grass. The control group was fed 100% Para grass. All diets contained soybean waste as a supplement and the experiment lasted for 136 days. In the second experiment (Exp. 2) 24 goats (Bach Thao, 12 to 14 kg, all males) were assigned to three treatments in a completely randomised block design based on initial body weight. The goats were fed cabbage waste supplemented with 200 g or 100 g DM (dry matter) of concentrate. Para grass with 100 g DM concentrate supplementation was used as a control group. The experiment lasted for 90 days and at the end of the study, 12 goats were slaughtered for pesticide/insecticide analysis. Due to low DM content (5.3 and 3.7%, respectively) feed intakes of cabbage and Chinese cabbage groups were lower than those of other groups in the experiment. The highest feed intake and body weight gain was obtained when the goats were fed cauliflower (529 g DM/day and 87.5 g/day, respectively). In Exp. 2 total intake of cabbage and concentrate was similar (484 g and 453 g DM/day) whether the goats were fed 100 or 200 g concentrate/day but lower than that of Para grass and concentrate probably due to the low DM content of the cabbage (5.9%). Crude protein intake (79 g to 86 g/day) and body weight gain (70 g to 88 g/day) was not significantly different between treatments. Adding concentrate consequently resulted in higher DM intake than in Exp. 1 but did not result in any higher growth rate. Three of the pesticide/insecticide residues tested were found in cabbage, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Bassa-Fenobucarb and Dimethoate with levels of 0.175, 0.074 and 0.028 mg/kg fresh cabbage respectively. Weight of livers from goats fed cabbage was about 90 g higher than from goats fed Para grass but no pesticide/herbicide residues were found in meat or liver.
The effects of feeding Brassica vegetable market wastes on intake, body weight changes and pesticide/insecticide residues in products of goats were evaluated in two experiments. In the first experiment (Exp. 1) 16 goats (Bach Thao, 9 to 10 kg, 3 months old, 9 males and 7 females) were fed four diets with leaves either from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) or Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) with 30% of Para grass. The control group was fed 100% Para grass. All diets contained soybean waste as a supplement and the experiment lasted for 136 days. In the second experiment (Exp. 2) 24 goats (Bach Thao, 12 to 14 kg, all males) were assigned to three treatments in a completely randomised block design based on initial body weight. The goats were fed cabbage waste supplemented with 200 g or 100 g DM (dry matter) of concentrate. Para grass with 100 g DM concentrate supplementation was used as a control group. The experiment lasted for 90 days and at the end of the study, 12 goats were slaughtered for pesticide/insecticide analysis. Due to low DM content (5.3 and 3.7%, respectively) feed intakes of cabbage and Chinese cabbage groups were lower than those of other groups in the experiment. The highest feed intake and body weight gain was obtained when the goats were fed cauliflower (529 g DM/day and 87.5 g/day, respectively). In Exp. 2 total intake of cabbage and concentrate was similar (484 g and 453 g DM/day) whether the goats were fed 100 or 200 g concentrate/day but lower than that of Para grass and concentrate probably due to the low DM content of the cabbage (5.9%). Crude protein intake (79 g to 86 g/day) and body weight gain (70 g to 88 g/day) was not significantly different between treatments. Adding concentrate consequently resulted in higher DM intake than in Exp. 1 but did not result in any higher growth rate. Three of the pesticide/insecticide residues tested were found in cabbage, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Bassa-Fenobucarb and Dimethoate with levels of 0.175, 0.074 and 0.028 mg/kg fresh cabbage respectively. Weight of livers from goats fed cabbage was about 90 g higher than from goats fed Para grass but no pesticide/herbicide residues were found in meat or liver.
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문제 정의
The objective of the present experiments was to investigate the potential of using market wastes from Brassica species as feeds for goats especially in relation to feed intake, growth and eventual pesticide/insecticide residues in the goat meat.
제안 방법
Before the experiment started, the three cabbage species were analysed for DM and fed ad libitum to estimate the voluntary feed intake. The DM consumed from the cabbage species did not meet the nutritional requirements of the goats i.
Addition of soybean waste supplied CP and energy to the diet. The study lasted for 136 d and 200 g/d of fresh soybean waste was fed during the first 65 d and 400 g/d for the last 71 d to meet the increasing requirements of the growing animals.
The goats were housed in individual pens on slatted floors and had access to clean water ad libitum. They were fed four times per day, at 07:00 h, 10:00 h, 13:00 h and 16:00 h. The feeds, Brassica species, Para grass and soybean waste or concentrate, were fed in separate containers.
대상 데이터
Sixteen 3 month-old goats (3 groups with 2 males and 2 females and one group with 3 males and 1 female) with a BW of 9.2±0.16 kg at the start of the experiment, were selected from flocks of goats raised in confinement systems on farms in Can Tho province.
Sixteen 3 month-old goats (3 groups with 2 males and 2 females and one group with 3 males and 1 female) with a BW of 9.2±0.16 kg at the start of the experiment, were selected from flocks of goats raised in confinement systems on farms in Can Tho province. The goats were of the Bach Thao breed, mature BW 63 kg, male; 42 kg, female.
The experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam. In this area, the climate is monsoon tropical with a wet season between May and November and a dry season between December and April.
1 was carried out from April to September 2000. The feeds used in the experiment were three kinds of market waste, leaves from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris. subsp. pekinensis), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) were collected at the Can Tho market in the morning and late afternoon. The leaves were fed directly when they were still green and fresh.
2 was carried out from February to May 2002. The feeds used were cabbage waste (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Para grass of the same quality as in Exp. 1 and a concentrate consisting of rice bran (50%), broken rice (40%) and molasses (10%). In order to make it possible to mix the ingredients, 500 g water was added to 1.
16 kg at the start of the experiment, were selected from flocks of goats raised in confinement systems on farms in Can Tho province. The goats were of the Bach Thao breed, mature BW 63 kg, male; 42 kg, female. They were vaccinated against foot and mouth disease and treated against gastrointestinal parasites using Albendazole tablets before commencement of the experiments.
Twentyfour 4-month old male goats with an initial BW of 13.1±0.81 kg of the same breed and origin as in Exp.1 were selected.
Twentyfour 4-month old male goats with an initial BW of 13.1±0.81 kg of the same breed and origin as in Exp.1 were selected. The vaccinations, housing and feeding routines were the same as in Exp.
이론/모형
Data were analysed by variance analysis using the General Linear Model (GLM) of Minitab Software 12.21 (1998). When the F-test was significantly different (p<0.
Pesticide/insecticide concentration was determined using a gas chromatograph (Shimadzu, model 14B) following the method described in AOAC (2000). Fifteen g cabbage sample was chopped, mixed and homogenized with 30 ml acetone in a centrifuge tube for 30 seconds.
When the F-test was significantly different (p<0.05), Tukey’s test for pair wise comparisons was used.
성능/효과
The results from the studies showed that the best performance in intake and live weight gain was obtained when the goats were fed cauliflower leaves and soybean waste. Cabbage and Chinese cabbage can be potentially useful feeds, especially cabbage since it is available in large amounts all the year around.
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