Park, Gunjun
(Department of Aquaculture, Pukyong National University)
,
Bai, Sungchul C.
(Department of Aquaculture, Pukyong National University)
,
Ok, Im-ho
(Department of Aquaculture, Pukyong National University)
,
Han, Kyungmin
(Department of Aquaculture, Pukyong National University)
,
Hung, Silas S.O.
(Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California)
,
Rogers, Quinton R.
(Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California)
,
Min, Taesun
(Korea Science and Engineering Foundation)
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary arginine concentrations on plasma free amino acid (PAA) concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The first experiment was conducted to determine appropriate post-prandial and food deprivation sampling times i...
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary arginine concentrations on plasma free amino acid (PAA) concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The first experiment was conducted to determine appropriate post-prandial and food deprivation sampling times in dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 519${\pm}$9.5 g (mean${\pm}$SD) at $16^{\circ}C$. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 h after feeding (0 and 24 h blood samples were taken from the same group of fish). PAA concentrations increased by 2 h post-feeding and the concentration of all essential amino acids except histidine peaked at 5 h and returned to 0 time values by 24 h. In the second experiment dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 528${\pm}$11.3 g (mean${\pm}$SD) were divided into 6 groups of 4 fish to study the effect of dietary arginine levels on PAA. After 24 h food deprivation, each group of fish was fed one of six L-amino acid diets containing graded levels of arginine (0.48, 1.08, 1.38, 1.68, 1.98 or 2.58%) by intubation. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 24 h after feeding. Post-prandial (5 h after feeding) plasma-free arginine concentrations (PParg) showed a breakpoint at 1.03% arginine in the diet and post-absorptive (24 h after feeding) plasma free-arginine concentrations (PAarg) showed a breakpoint at 1.38% arginine. PAarg increased linearly from fish fed diets containing arginine between 0.48% and 1.38%, and the concentrations remained constant from fish fed diets containing arginine at or above 1.38%, but were all below PParg at all time points. Results of the third experiment confirm the results that PParg concentrations from fish fed arginine deficient diets were higher than PAarg (0 or 24 h values). Thus, in contrast to mammals and birds, the PParg when arginine is present in the diet as the most limiting amino acid such that it severely limits growth, increases in plasma rather than decreases.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary arginine concentrations on plasma free amino acid (PAA) concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The first experiment was conducted to determine appropriate post-prandial and food deprivation sampling times in dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 519${\pm}$9.5 g (mean${\pm}$SD) at $16^{\circ}C$. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 h after feeding (0 and 24 h blood samples were taken from the same group of fish). PAA concentrations increased by 2 h post-feeding and the concentration of all essential amino acids except histidine peaked at 5 h and returned to 0 time values by 24 h. In the second experiment dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 528${\pm}$11.3 g (mean${\pm}$SD) were divided into 6 groups of 4 fish to study the effect of dietary arginine levels on PAA. After 24 h food deprivation, each group of fish was fed one of six L-amino acid diets containing graded levels of arginine (0.48, 1.08, 1.38, 1.68, 1.98 or 2.58%) by intubation. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 24 h after feeding. Post-prandial (5 h after feeding) plasma-free arginine concentrations (PParg) showed a breakpoint at 1.03% arginine in the diet and post-absorptive (24 h after feeding) plasma free-arginine concentrations (PAarg) showed a breakpoint at 1.38% arginine. PAarg increased linearly from fish fed diets containing arginine between 0.48% and 1.38%, and the concentrations remained constant from fish fed diets containing arginine at or above 1.38%, but were all below PParg at all time points. Results of the third experiment confirm the results that PParg concentrations from fish fed arginine deficient diets were higher than PAarg (0 or 24 h values). Thus, in contrast to mammals and birds, the PParg when arginine is present in the diet as the most limiting amino acid such that it severely limits growth, increases in plasma rather than decreases.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
, 1997) have been reported, the complete dose-response relationships for arginine have not been investigated. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of the different dietary arginine levels on PAA concentrations and to estimate the dietary arginine requirement by using surgically modified young growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
, 1997) have been reported, the complete dose-response relationships for arginine have not been investigated. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of the different dietary arginine levels on PAA concentrations and to estimate the dietary arginine requirement by using surgically modified young growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
58%). This experiment shows that the response ofPAarg pattern in trout is not similar to those of mammals and birds. PAarg from fish fed the arginine deficient diet was lower than that from fish fed the arginine adequate diet (Table 5).
제안 방법
Experiment II was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary arginine levels on post-prandial (5 h after feeding, PParg) and post absorptive (24 h after feeding, PAarg) plasma free arginine concentrations in rainbow trout. Rainbow trout were divided into 6 groups of 4 fish each in net cage and fed a commercial diet (Woosung Feed Co.
Experiment Ⅱ was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary arginine levels on post-prandial (5 h after feeding, PParg) and post absorptive (24 h after feeding, PAarg) plasma free arginine concentrations in rainbow trout.
이론/모형
05. The breakpoints for both PParg and PAarg were estimated by using the broken line model ofRobbins et al. (1979).
05. The breakpoints for both PParg and PAarg were estimated by using the broken line model ofRobbins et al. (1979).
2 lithium citrate sample dilution buffer in the ratio of one to one and the samples were stored at-80℃ until analysis. The plasma free amino acids were separated and quantified using a S433 amino acid analyzer (Sykam, Germany) using the ninhydrin method.
성능/효과
Experiment II showed that PParg (157±22 nmol/ml) was higher than PAarg (66±22 nmol/ml) for fish fed 0.48% arginine diet (less than half of the estimated requirement).
Experiment III confirmed the results from Experiment II that PParg from fish fed the arginine deficient diet were higher than PAarg from fish fed either the arginine deficient diet (0.48%) or the arginine adequate diets (1.68-2.58%). This experiment shows that the response ofPAarg pattern in trout is not similar to those of mammals and birds.
Experiment Ⅲ confirmed the results from Experiment Ⅱ that PParg from fish fed the arginine deficient diet were higher than PAarg from fish fed either the arginine deficient diet (0.48%) or the arginine adequate diets (1.68-2.58%).
There were no significant differences between PParg from fish fed 0.48% arginine diet and PAarg from fish fed 2.58% arginine diet. However, the fourth day PAarg from fish fed 0.
후속연구
38% dietary arginine. However, validity of using these breakpoints to estimate arginine requirement needs further study.
참고문헌 (31)
Bai, S. C., I. H. Ok, G. J. Park, K. W. Kim and S. M. Choi. 2003. Development of modeling system for assessing essential amino acid requirements using surgically modified rainbow trout. J. Aquaculture 16(1):1-7.
Hill, D. C. and E. M. Olsen. 1963. Effect of starvation and nonprotein diet on blood plasma amino acids and observations on the detection of amino acids limiting growth of chicks fed purified diets. J. Nutr. 79:303.
Houston, A. H. 1990. Blood and circulation. In: Methods for Fish Biology (Ed. C. B. Schreck and P. B. Moyle). American Fisheries Society, New York, USA. pp. 273-343.
I.-H. Ok, S. C. Bai, G.-J. Park, S.-M. Choi and K.-W. Kim. 2001. The pattern of plasma free amino acids after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation. Aquaculture Research 32 (Suppl. 1):70-75.
Kaushik, S. 1979. Application of a biochemical method for the estimation of amino acid needs in fish: quantitative arginine requirements of rainbow trout in different salinities. In: Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology (Ed. J. E. Halver and K. Tiews). Heinemann, Berlin, Germany. pp. 197-207.
Kim, K. I. 1997. Re-evaluation of protein and amino acid requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 151:3-7.
Kim, K. I., T. B. Kayes and C. H. Amundson. 1992. Requirements for lysine and arginine by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 106:333-344.
Longenecker, J. B. and N. L. Hause. 1959. Relationship between plasma amino acids and composition of the ingested protein. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 84:46-50.
Longenecker, J. B. and N. L. Hause. 1961. Relationship between plasma amino acids and composition of ingested protein: II. A shortened procedure to determine plasma amino acid ratios. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 4:356.
Lu, J. J., C. W. Huang and R. G. R. Chou. 2003. The effects of DLmethionine and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue on growth performance, contents of serum amino acids and activities of digestive proteases in broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:714-718.
McLaughlan, J. M. and W. I. Illman. 1967. Use of free plasma amino acid levels for estimating amino acid requirements of the growing rat. J. Nutr. 93:21.
McLaughlan, J. M. and A. B. Morrison. 1968. Dietary factors affecting plasma amino acid concentrations. In: Protein Nutrition and Free Amino Acid Patterns (Ed. J. H. Leathem). Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N. J. pp. 3-18.
Munro, H. N. 1970. Free amino acid pools and their role in regulation. In: Mammalian Protein Metabolism (Ed. H. N. Munro). Vol. 4, chapter 34. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Murai, T., T. Ogata, Y. Hirasawa, T. Akiyama and T. Nose. 1987. Portal absorption and hepatic of amino acids in rainbow trout force-fed diets containing casein or crystalline amino acids. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 53:1847-1859
Ogino, C. 1980. Requirement of carp and rainbow trout for essential amino acids. Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries. 46:171-174.
Ok, I. H., S. C. Bai, G. J. Park, S. M. Choi and K. W. Kim. 2001. 'The patterns of plasma free amino acids after force-feeding in rainbow trout, Onchorhnchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation'. Aquaculture Res. 32:70-75.
Puchal, F., V. W. Hays, V. C. Speer, J. D. Tones and D. V. Catron. 1962. The free blood plasma amino acids in swine as related to the source of dietary proteins. J. Nutr. 76:11.
Richardson, L. R., L. G. Blaylock and C. M. Lyman. 1953. Influence of the level of vitamins in the diet on the concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma of chicks. J. Nutr. 49:21.
Robbins, K. R., H. W. Norton and D. H. Baker. 1979. Estimation of nutrient requirements from growth data. J. Nutr. 109:1710-1714.
Robinson, E. H., R. P. Wilson and W. E. Poe. 1981. Arginine requirement and apparent absence of a lysine-arginine antagonist in fingerling channel catfish. J. Nutr. 111:46-52.
Schuhmacher, A., C. Wax and J. M. Gropp. 1997. Plasma amino acids in rainbow trout fed intact protein or a crystalline amino acid diet. Aquaculture 151:15-28.
Snyderman, S. E., A. Boyer, P. M. Norton, E. Roiman and L. E. Holt. 1964. The essential amino acid requirements of infants. IX. Isoleucine. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 15:313.
Swendseid, M. E., J. Villalobos and B. Fredrich. 1963. Ratios of essential to non-essential amino acids in plasma from rats fed different kinds and amounts of proteins and amino acids. J. Nutr. 80:99.
Thebault, H. 1985. Plasma essential amino acid changes in Sea-Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) after feeding diets deficient and supplemented in L-Met. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82A:233-237.
Vermeirssen, E. L. M., A. P. Scott and N. R. Liley. 1997. Female rainbow trout urine contains a pheromone which causes a rapid rise in plasma 17, 20 $\beta$ -dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels and milt amounts in males. J. Fish Biol. 50:107-119.
Walton, M. J., C. B. Cowey, R. M. Coloso and J. W. Adron. 1986. Dietary requirements of rainbow trout for tryptophan, lysine and arginine determined by growth and biochemical measurements. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 2:161-169.
Young, V. R. and J. Zamora. 1968. Effects of altering the proportions of essential to non-essential amino acid levels in the rat. J. Nutr. 96:21.
Young, V. R., M. A. Hussein, E. Murray and N. S. Scrimshaw. 1971. Plasma tryptophan response curve and its relation to tryptophan requirements in young adult men. J. Nutr. 101:45-60.
Young, V. R. and N. S. Scrimshaw. 1970. The nutritional significance of plasma and urinary amino acids. In: The International Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition (Ed. E. J. Bigwood). Vol. 11, chapter 16. Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
Zicker, S. C. and Q. R. Rogers. 1990. Use of plasma amino acid concentrations in the diagnosis of nutritional and metabolic diseases in veterinary medicine. In: Proceeding of IVth Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Biochemistry (Ed. J. J. Kaneko). Davis, California, USA. pp. 107-121.
Zimmerman, R. A. and H. M. Scott. 1967. Effect of fasting and of feeding a non-protein diet on plasma amino acid levels in the chick. J. Nutr. 91:507.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.