[논문]Genetic Parameters and Responses in Growth and Body Composition Traits of Pigs Measured under Group Housing and Ad libitum Feeding from Lines Selected for Growth Rate on a Fixed Ration

Nguyen, Nguyen Hong; McPhee, C.P.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2005.1075

Genetic Parameters and Responses in Growth and Body Composition Traits of Pigs Measured under Group Housing and Ad libitum Feeding from Lines Selected for Growth Rate on a Fixed Ration 원문보기

Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, v.18 no.8, 2005년, pp.1075 - 1079

Nguyen, Nguyen Hong (School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland) , McPhee, C.P. (Animal Research Institute, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The main objective of this study is to examine genetic changes in growth rate and carcass composition traits in group housed, ad libitum fed pigs, from lines of Large White divergently selected over four years for high and low post-weaning daily gain on a fixed but restricted ration. Genetic parameters for production and carcass traits were also estimated by using average information-restricted maximum likelihood applied to a multivariate individual animal model. All analyses were carried out on 1,728 records of group housed ad libitum fed pigs, and include a full pedigree of 5,324 animals. Estimates of heritability (standard errors in parentheses) were 0.11 (0.04) for lifetime daily liveweight gain (LDG), 0.13 (0.04) for daily carcass weight gain (CDG) and 0.28 (0.06) for carcass backfat (CFT). Genetic correlations between LDG and CDG were highly positive and between LDG and CFT negative, suggesting that selection for lifetime daily gain under commercial conditions of group housing with ad libitum feeding would result in favourable improvement in carcass traits. CFT showed negative genetic correlations with CDG. Correlated genetic responses evaluated as estimated breeding values (EBVs) were obtained from a multivariate animal model-best linear unbiased prediction analysis. After four years of divergent selection for 6 week post-weaning growth rate on restricted feeding, pigs performance tested on ad libitum feeding in groups exhibited changes in EBVs of 6.77 and -9.93 (g/d) for LDG, 4.25 and -7.08 (g/d) for CDG, and -1.42 and 1.55 (mm) for CFT, in the high and low lines, respectively. It is concluded that selection for growth rate on restricted feeding would significantly improve genetic performance and carcass composition of their descendants when group housed and ad libitum fed as is a common commercial practice.

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제안 방법

The current study examines genetic changes in growth and carcass traits in lines of Large White pigs selected divergently (high and low) for post-weaning growth in individual pens and fed on a restricted scale (80% of ad libitum) (Nguyen, 2002). Testing ofthe lines occurred under commercial production conditions of group housing and ad libitum feeding. Genetic correlations between and genetic responses in growth and carcass traits under these conditions are presented.

이론/모형

Breeding values (EBVs) for all the traits were estimated using the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) analysis of the PEST package (Groeneveld, 1990). The additive genetic and residual (co) variances used in the multi-trait model included the same fixed and random effects as described in estimation of genetic parameters.
A preliminary general linear model (GLM) analysis was carried out to determine the significance of fixed effects. Genetic and environmental variance components for all traits were estimated with the animal model restricted maximum likelihood method using the average information algorithm (ASREML, Gilmour et al., 1999). A series of univariate analyses was carried out to obtain estimates of heritability.
A series of univariate analyses was carried out to obtain estimates of heritability. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits were derived from multivariate model analyses, using bivariate analysis starting values. The fixed effects of batch (33 classes) and sex (males and females), and the random effect of the individual animal were included in the equation for statistical analytic models.
Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits were derived from multivariate model analyses, using bivariate analysis starting values. The fixed effects of batch (33 classes) and sex (males and females), and the random effect of the individual animal were included in the equation for statistical analytic models. Litter effect was found to be insignificant for carcass traits but significant for LDG.

성능/효과

Differences in EBVs between the lines were statistically significant for all traits in all years of selection. At the conclusion of selection, correlated genetic responses in 2000 born animals were 6.67, -9.93 (g/d) for LDG 4.25, -7.08 (g/d) for CDG and -1.42, 1.55 (mm) for CFT for the high and low lines, respectively.
EBVs for LDG were also biased if common litter effects were ignored in the genetic models, leading to overestimation by approximately 12.7% and 9.7%, the EBVs for LDG in the high and low growth lines in the final year of selection. This supported the hypothesis that the addition of common litter to the analytical model was able to account for non-additive genetic effects such as dominance associated with inbreeding.
No published reports were found of correlated responses in a production environment to selection in a different environment. In this study, after four years of selection for high and low post-weaning daily gain on a fixed but restricted ration, the divergence in genetic response between the lines was 81.25 g/d or 2.78 genetic standard deviations for average daily gain on test. Pigs from the selection lines were also subject to different performance methods on either ad libitum individual or group feeding.
No published reports were found of correlated responses in a production environment to selection in a different environment. In this study, after four years of selection for high and low post-weaning daily gain on a fixed but restricted ration, the divergence in genetic response between the lines was 81.25 g/d or 2.78 genetic standard deviations for average daily gain on test. Pigs from the selection lines were also subject to different performance methods on either ad libitum individual or group feeding.
Pigs were also sampled from the same litters for growth testing on either individual or group ad libitum feeding. In this study, pigs of similar weight and sex were intermingled in group pens and fed ad libitum to an average live weight of 100 kg. All animals were fed a diet containing 14 mega-joules of digestible energy (MJ DE) and 0.
The directions of the genetic correlations between the traits measured in group housed, ad libitum fed pigs were generally consistent with the reviewed results of Sellier (1998). Lifetime daily weight gain had a highly positive genetic correlation with daily carcass gain and moderately negative correlation with carcass backfat, indicating that if selection for growth rate had been carried out under group housed, ad libitum feeding conditions, favourable improvements in these important traits would have occurred.
20). The common litter effect for LDG accounted for 13% of total phenotypic variance, indicating that a large proportion of resemblance between sibs was due to shared family environments, rather than shared genes. This reflects differences in mothering ability among dams, i.
Estimates of realised genetic correlations between test daily gain (TDG), the trait selected on restricted feeding, and growth rate and carcass traits which were measured on group feeding are all favourable. The correlations between TDG and LDG and CDG were small (0.10), while those between TDG and CFT and LEAN were of moderate magnitudes (-0.28 and 0.28, respectively).
Even though food conversion efficiency was not measured in this study, an economically beneficial change in this trait would have been expected in the high growth line due to its decreased carcass fatness and from feed efficiency measurements on the same line fed ad libitum in individual pens (Nguyen, 2002). Using the genetic standard deviation for FCR of 0.50 and the genetic correlation with LDG of -0.40 estimated in individually housed ad libitum fed pigs, an annual improvement in FCR by -0.126 unit is expected to result from selection for LDG. A reduction in residual food intake and thus maintenance requirement is also likely to have occurred.

참고문헌 (22)

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원문보기 상세보기
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