Macro- and Micro-nutrient Utilization and Milk Production in Crossbred Dairy Cows Fed Finger Millet (Eleucine coracana) and Rice (Oryza sativa) Straw as Dry Roughage Source원문보기
Finger millet straw and rice straw are the major source of dry roughage in southern India. They distinctly vary in their morphological and nutritional characters. Hence an effort was made to study the nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in crossbred dairy cows fed either finger millet (...
Finger millet straw and rice straw are the major source of dry roughage in southern India. They distinctly vary in their morphological and nutritional characters. Hence an effort was made to study the nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in crossbred dairy cows fed either finger millet (group 1) or rice straw (group 2) as a source of dry roughage. The cows in both the groups were fed as per requirement with concentrate, green fodder and straw in the ratio of 30:45:25 parts (DM). At the end of 50 days of preliminary feeding a digestibility trial was conducted for 7 days and pooled samples of feed, fodder, feces, urine and milk were analysed for macro and micro nutrient content. Finger millet straw contained more CP, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn and Co than rice straw and rice straw contained higher ADF, ash and silica. The intake of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and most micronutrients (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Co) was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and ADF was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw and the gut absorption of Ca, Cu, Mn and Co was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The dietary requirement of all micronutrients in both the group of cows could be met irrespective of the type of roughage fed except that of Ca, which was low (0.61 and 0.40%) in rice straw fed cows. The average daily milk yield (L/cow) was also higher (7.0 L) in cows fed finger millet straw as compared to cows fed rice straw (6.3 L). The average milk composition also did not differ except that of milk fat which was significantly (4.7 and 4.5%) low in cows fed rice straw. The overall results of this study have indicated that finger millet straw is a better source of dry fodder than rice straw and while feeding rice straw as the sole roughage to dairy cows there is need to supplement additional calcium as this could be one of the limiting nutrients for milk production.
Finger millet straw and rice straw are the major source of dry roughage in southern India. They distinctly vary in their morphological and nutritional characters. Hence an effort was made to study the nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in crossbred dairy cows fed either finger millet (group 1) or rice straw (group 2) as a source of dry roughage. The cows in both the groups were fed as per requirement with concentrate, green fodder and straw in the ratio of 30:45:25 parts (DM). At the end of 50 days of preliminary feeding a digestibility trial was conducted for 7 days and pooled samples of feed, fodder, feces, urine and milk were analysed for macro and micro nutrient content. Finger millet straw contained more CP, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn and Co than rice straw and rice straw contained higher ADF, ash and silica. The intake of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and most micronutrients (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Co) was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and ADF was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw and the gut absorption of Ca, Cu, Mn and Co was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The dietary requirement of all micronutrients in both the group of cows could be met irrespective of the type of roughage fed except that of Ca, which was low (0.61 and 0.40%) in rice straw fed cows. The average daily milk yield (L/cow) was also higher (7.0 L) in cows fed finger millet straw as compared to cows fed rice straw (6.3 L). The average milk composition also did not differ except that of milk fat which was significantly (4.7 and 4.5%) low in cows fed rice straw. The overall results of this study have indicated that finger millet straw is a better source of dry fodder than rice straw and while feeding rice straw as the sole roughage to dairy cows there is need to supplement additional calcium as this could be one of the limiting nutrients for milk production.
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문제 정의
, 1998). This study was undertaken to study the nutrient utilization in crossbred dairy cows fed either finger millet or rice straw as a source of dry roughage.
제안 방법
Chaffed green fodder was offered to each cow during the mid day and clean drinking water was offered to each cow thrice a day. The experimental feeding was continued for 60 days and during the last week offeeding a balance trial of 7 d duration was conducted involving all the cows under both groups in tie stalls. The representative samples of feed and fodder offered and their residues, if any, were collected daily for DM estimation after recording their weights individually.
Chaffed green fodder was offered to each cow during the mid day and clean drinking water was offered to each cow thrice a day. The experimental feeding was continued for 60 days and during the last week offeeding a balance trial of 7 d duration was conducted involving all the cows under both groups in tie stalls. The representative samples of feed and fodder offered and their residues, if any, were collected daily for DM estimation after recording their weights individually.
대상 데이터
Eleven healthy Holstein Fresian crossbred medium yielding (8-10 L) dairy cows during their late stage of lactation were selected for the study. Cows were managed in individual tie stalls with a paddock.
데이터처리
The data pertaining to intake, utilization of nutrients, body weight, milk yield and composition were analysed for standard error and variance in one way classification (Snedecor and Cochran, 1980) and tested for significance in M.S. Excel using systat 8.0.
이론/모형
For nitrogen estimation 1/500th of the total daily feces voided by each cow was mixed with 1 ml of 1:4 H2SO4 and transferred to previously weighed glass bottles. After 7 d of collection, the preserved feces of each cow was mixed thoroughly and an aliquot of 1/10th of pooled wet feces was taken for nitrogen estimation by Kjeldahl method. An aliquot of 1/150th of total urine voided daily by each cow was collected in plastic bottle.
2% CaCl2 to avoid interference from sulfates and phosphates. Phosphorus was estimated colorimetrically by the molybdovanadate method (AOAC, 1975). Mineral standards were run for each analysis.
The dried samples offeed, fodder and feces, ground to a fineness of 1 mm, were analysed for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) (AOAC, 1990) and fibre fractions (NDF:Neutral detergent fibre; ADF:Acid detergent fibre) (Goering and Van Soest, 1970). The oxalate content of fodders and feces was estimated by potassium permanganate method (Abaza et al., 1968).
성능/효과
From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that finger millet straw is a better source of roughage for lactating animals in terms of macro and micronutrient content and their utilization. Under rice straw feeding system, there is a need to supplement additional calcium, as this could be one ofthe limiting nutrients.
This suggests additional Ca supplementation to meet the Ca requirement when rice straw is fed. The oxalate content of rice and finger millet straws used in this study was estimated to be 0.32 and 0.12%, respectively. Higher levels of oxalate in ruminant diet can adversely influence Ca utilization (Ranganekar et al.
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