[논문]FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE RECOVERY AND REMOVAL OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS FROM PHOSPHORUS SLUDGE

Jung, Joon-Oh

doi:10.4491/eer.2005.10.1.038

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE RECOVERY AND REMOVAL OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS FROM PHOSPHORUS SLUDGE 원문보기

Environmental engineering research, v.10 no.1, 2005년, pp.38 - 44

Jung, Joon-Oh

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Electro-thermal production of white phosphorus(WP, P4) generates substantial amount of highly toxic phossy water and sludges. Because of their high phosphorus contents and lack of reliable processing technology, large tonnages of these hazardous wastes have accumulated from current and past operations in the United States. In this study, two different methods for treatment of phosphorus sludge were investigated. These were bulk removal of WP by physical separation(froth flotation) and transformation of WP to oxyphosphorus compounds by air oxidation in the sludge medium. Kerosene, among other collectors, resulted in selective flotation of WP from the associated mineral gangue. Solvent action of kerosene occurring on the WP surface(by rendering WP particles hydrophobic) might produce the high selectivity of WP. The WP recovery in the froth was 79.3% from a sludge assaying 34.2% of WP. In the oxidation study, air gas was dispersed in the sludge medium by the rapid rotation of the impeller blades. The high level of sludge agitation intensity caused a fast completion of the oxidation reactions and it resulted in the high percentage conversion of WP to PO4-3 with PO3-3 making up almost all portion of oxyphosphorus compounds. The WP analysis on the treated sludge showed that supernatant solution and solid residue contained an average of 4.2 μg/L and 143 ppm respectively from the sludge containing about 26 g of WP. Further investigation will be required on operational factors to better understand the processes and achieve an optimum condition.

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문제 정의

The objectives of this study were to investigate processes for the recovery and removal of WP from electric'fumace cludge which hopefully render the WP sludge non-hazardous. The first method was a froth flotation technique, which had been commonly used in mineral processing industry.

제안 방법

However, kerosene appeared to be the most cost effective. More detailed experiment was required on the factors affecting the flotation process - collector type and dose, pulp pH and solid content - to optimize the operation.
7. The granulometric analysis were performed by further wet-screening -48mesh sample at 200 and 400 meshes to detennine the size distribution and WP content of each size fraction. The data in Table 1 showed that a wet screening of the sludge produced WP rich coarse fractions of about 76.
Therefore, in this part of the investigation, efforts were made to develop a method for removal of colloidal WP contaminants by oxidation. When air was injected and dispersed in the reactor by mechanical agitation, white fumes started to appear at the sludge surface.

성능/효과

2. Oxidation kinetics studies showed that the process involved three major reactions: initial slow reaction, fast oxidation, and final slow reaction. The initial slow reaction was a mass transfer controlled reaction with an induction period representing the energy barrier for reaching the transition state of the reaction.
3. Oxidation of WP and subsequent hydrolysis of oxyphosphorus compounds were the major so_나rce for the decrease in pH of the sludge.
5. The WP analysis demonstrated that practically 100% of the WP removal was accomplished from the sludge by dispersed air oxidation. Treatment of sludge containing about 26g/L of WP produced a WP analysis 4.
The analysis showed that the WP content ranged from 34.2 ~34.8% on a dry basis and the percent solids in the sludge was 41.7. The granulometric analysis were performed by further wet-screening -48mesh sample at 200 and 400 meshes to detennine the size distribution and WP content of each size fraction.
gangue. The data show that the WP-rich froth(containing about 85% WP) was prod_나ced at a WP recovery rate of 79.3% from a sludge assaying 34.2% WP. The choice of hydrocarbon oil (for use in rending the WP suchce hydrophobic) was based on the fact that WP was significantly more soluble in mineral oils (>14, 500 ppm) than in water (<3.
sludge. The results showed that the major constituents of the solid residue were phosphate(31.58%), calcium(13.51%), zinc( 10.26%), and acid insolubles (24.54%) which included silica.

후속연구

Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and factors controlling the oxidation of WP. These may include oxygen content in the dispersed gas, agitation intensity, initi_이reaction temperature, sludge pH, and solid content etc.

참고문헌 (11)

Davidson, K. A., Hovtter, P. S., and Sigmon, C. F., Water quality criteria for white phosphorus, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Final Report ORNL-6336. DE88-000645, NTIS ADA186613, (1987)
U. S. EPA, Summary review of health effects associated with elemental and inorganic phosphorus compounds: Health issue assessment. EPA 500/89/072. Washington, D> C.: Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1989)
Campbell, D. L., Oxidation of phossy water by ozone, Technical report, ARCSL- TR77060, Chemical systems laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD., pp. 1-19 (1977)
Koon, J. H., Davis, G. M., and Knowlson, P. D., 'Development of a wastewater management system for an elemental phosphorus production plant,' Proceedings, The 35th Industrial waste conference, Purdue University, pp. 550-559 (1980)
Barber, J. C., Processes for the disposal and recovery of phossy water, U. S. Patent 5,549,878 (1996)
Crea, D. A., Recovery of phosphorus from waste ponds, U. S. Patent 4,492,627 (1985)
Beck, S. M. and Cook, E. H., Phosphorus recovery from phosphorus-containing pond sludge, U. S. Patent 4,717,558 (1988)
Richardson, S. M. and Weston, R. F., 'White phosphorus contamination of wetlands: Effects and options for restoration,' in Proceedings of the Federal Environmental Restoration, Vienna, VA, April, pp. 186-189 (1992)
Anazia, I., lung, J., Removal of Elemental Phosphorus from Electric Furnace Sludge Using Froth Flotation, first year progress report, Mineral Waste Treatment and Recovery Generic Center, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV. October (1989)
Walsh, M. E., 'Analytical method for white phosphorus in water,' Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 54(3), 432-439 (1995)

상세보기
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 4th ed. New York, NY Raven Press, pp. 164 (1994)

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DOI : 10.4491/eer.2005.10.1.038 [무료]
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