[논문]Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid by Grafting, Using Contaminated Pruning Equipment, and Planting Infected Seeds

Kim, Hyun-Ran; Lee, Sin-Ho; Lee, Dong-Hyuk; Kim, Jeong-Soo; Park, Jin-Woo

doi:10.5423/ppj.2006.22.1.063

Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid by Grafting, Using Contaminated Pruning Equipment, and Planting Infected Seeds 원문보기

The plant pathology journal, v.22 no.1, 2006년, pp.63 - 67

Kim, Hyun-Ran (Dept. of Horticultural Environment, National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) , Lee, Sin-Ho (Dept. of Horticultural Environment, National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) , Lee, Dong-Hyuk (Apple Experimental Station, NHRI, RDA) , Kim, Jeong-Soo (Dept. of Horticultural Environment, National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) , Park, Jin-Woo (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Apple scar skin, one of the most destructive diseases affecting apple, is caused by Apple scar skin viroid (ASSV d). Fruit dappling appeared on several cultivars in Korea and has been distributed to major cultivated areas since 2001. ASSVd was identified from infected fruits by using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification with electrochemiluminescence (NASBA-ECL). NASBA-ECL method was faster and hundredfold more sensitive than reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for ASSVd detection in apple leaves/ stems. ASSVd was rapidly transmitted to the entire tree in the second year after artificial inoculation. The ASSVd could be transmitted efficiently by using contaminated pruning scissors to both lignified stems (60 to $70\%$) and green shoots (20 to $40\%$) of apple tree and young plants. Dipping of contaminated scissors in $2\%$ sodium hypochlorite solution effectively prevented viroid transmission. In the ASSV d-infected fruits, the viroid was easily detected from fruit skin, seed coat, and embryo. Moreover, embryo and endosperm separately excised from the ASSVd-infected seeds were ASSVd positive in NASBA-ECL assay. Seedlings germinated from ASSVd-positive seeds showed $7.7\%$ infection rate., which indicated that ASSVd is seed-borne.

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문제 정의

This study showed that ASSVd could be transmitted by contaminated scissors and planting infected seeds. Also, ASSVd is easily transmitted by grafting.

제안 방법

The KI isolate was collected from tChukwang, cultivar showing dappled fruit in Gunwi area, Gyeongbuk province. The isolate was indexed with ELISA to detect the possible presence of Apple chlorotic leafspot vinis (ACLSV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV). The isolate was grafted on healthy 'Stark's Earliesf young plant in a 이asshouse and used as positive source.
Wah and Symons (1999) previously reported transmission of grapevine viroid via seed from in vitro germination of grape seeds. The seedlings used in this experiment were sterilized with disinfection procedure and germinated with strict growth condition in glasshouse. Tims, we consider that other transmission factor was impossible.
Five fruits were tested viroid infections in fruit skin and seeds. To detect ASSVd, embryo and endosperm were excised from five seeds of viroid-infected fruits with strict disinfection procedure. For seed-bome test, the extracted seeds were treated in low-temperature refrigerator for 50 days to break down seed dormancy.

대상 데이터

ASSVd isolates. The KI isolate was collected from tChukwang, cultivar showing dappled fruit in Gunwi area, Gyeongbuk province. The isolate was indexed with ELISA to detect the possible presence of Apple chlorotic leafspot vinis (ACLSV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV).

이론/모형

In this paper, the seed-transmission of ASSVd was proved by using sensitive detection method, NASBA-ECL. NASBA, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, is an isothermal technique with a broad potential application in RNA amplification and detection (Sooknanan et al.
A question about natural transmission of ASSVd in orchard was raised because viroid-infected trees have been observed after eradication of infected trees. In this paper, transmission of ASSVd through grafting, seed, and sap inoculation with contaminated pruning scissors was confirmed by NASBA-ECL method.
For ASSVd detection from seeds, total nu이eic acid was isolated from embryos or endosperms excised from five seeds. Viroid detection was performed by using NASBA- ECL method (Kim et al, 2004). Design of the ASSVd- specific primers, Pl and P2 for amplification of the viral RNA by NASBA was based on the previously reported sequences (Lee et al.

성능/효과

This study showed that ASSVd is vertical transmitted via seed and horizontal transmitted via contaminated scissors. Both transmission routes, particularly the second, explain the persistence of ASSVd in natui'e.

참고문헌 (27)

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상세보기
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원문보기 상세보기
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Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid by Grafting, Using Contaminated Pruning Equipment, and Planting Infected Seeds 원문보기

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Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid by Grafting, Using Contaminated Pruning Equipment, and Planting Infected Seeds 원문보기

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