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Raindrop Size Distribution Over Northeastern Coast of Brazil 원문보기

International journal of maritime information and communication sciences, v.4 no.1, 2006년, pp.46 - 52  

Tenorio Ricardo Sarmento (Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas) ,  Kwon Byung-Hyuk (Department of Environtal and Atmospheric Sciences) ,  Silva Moraes Marcia Cristina da (Fundacao para Estudos Avancados do Tropico Semi-Arido)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Precipitation measurement with ground-based radar needs an information of the raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics. A 10-month dataset was collected in tropical Atlantic coastal zone of northeastern Brazil where the weather radar was installed. The number of drop was mainly recorded in 3...

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제안 방법

  • Data were collected during 10 month period (December 2001 to September 2002), that is, transition months prior to (December to March) and during the wet season (April to July). A totof 10, 366 RSD (Table 1), integrated every minute, were recorded, which correspond to 172.
  • The second part is the data recording and evaluation, where the RSD parameters are calculated. In this study, only the first part of the software was used, since the RSD were calculated using the software MATLAB, that requires feeding in a previously prepared rectangular numerical matrix. In the MATLAB, the number of drops with a diameter per unit of volume, corresponding to the class i, is calculated with the equation (1).
  • Functions with 2 or 3 parameters are employed for the statistics of such distributions. In this work, an exponential and a lognormal distributions were used to fit the RSD.
  • 3 mm, were the channels that recorded maximum drop numbers, not exceeding 200 drop m-3 though. It is noted that, for this study, cloud type and basis, terminal raindrop velocity and physical mechanisms that originate the cloud/rain were taken in consideration. It is acknowledged, though, that these factors influence the raindrops number distribution as well as their diameters.
  • The data were stratified according to 8 rainfall rate classes for each month and for the total number of samples. The stratification is required since all RSD parameters are dependent on the rainfall rate (Sauvageot and Lacaux, 1995), Table 2 shows the classes ofR selected.

대상 데이터

  • 84”W), located over a large flat area 80 m above sea level, known as tabuleiro costeiro (coastal plateau). The Campus is 13 km away from the coast line.
  • The experimental area is one of the rainiest in Northeastern Brazil (NEB), whose climate is influenced by warm Atlantic Ocean current (The Brazil Current) strongly. The wet season is from April to July with rainfall amounting to 60% of the year total.
  • The study was performed in the Campus A.C.Simdes, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), in Maceio (9°3, 17.24, , S, 35°46'54.84”W), located over a large flat area 80 m above sea level, known as tabuleiro costeiro (coastal plateau). The Campus is 13 km away from the coast line.
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참고문헌 (19)

  1. Feingold, G., and Z. Levin, 1986: The lognormal fit to raindrop spectra from frontal convective clouds in Israel, J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1346-1363 

  2. Joss, J., and A. Waldvoge, 1969: Raindrop size distribution and sampling size errors, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 566-569 

  3. Joss, J., and A. Waldvoge, 1967: Ein Spektrograph fur Niederschlagstropfen mit Automatischer Auswertung, Pure Appl. Geophys., 68, 240-246 

  4. Lee G. and I. Zawadzky, 2005: Variability of Drop Size Distributions: Noise and Noise Filtering in Disdrometric Data, J Appl. Meteor., 44, 634-652 

  5. Marshall, J. S., and W. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size, Journal of Meteorology, 5, 165-166 

  6. Molion, L. C. B and S. O. Bernardo, 2002: Uma revisao da dinamica das chuvas no Nordeste do Brasil (A review of the dynamics of rainfall over Northeastern Brazil), Braz. J of Meteor. 17(1): 1-10 

  7. Nzeukou, A., H. Sauvageot, A. D. Ochou and C. M. F. Kebe, 2002: Raindrop size distribution and radar parameters at Cape Verde, J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 90-105 

  8. Sauvageot, H., and J. P. Lacaux, 1995: The shape of averaged drop size distributions, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1070-1083 

  9. Sauvageot, H., R. S. Tenorio and F. Mesnard, 1999: The size distribution of rain cells in West Africa and France, J. Atmos. Sci, 56, 57-70 

  10. Seifert, A., 2005: On the Shape-Slope Relation of Drop Size Distributions in Convective Rain, J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1146-1151 

  11. Smith, P. L and D. V. Kliche, 2005: The Bias in Moment Estimators for Parameters of Drop Size Distribution Functions: Sampling from Exponential Distributions, J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 1195-1205 

  12. Srivastava, R. C., 1972: A simple model of particle coalescence and breakup, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1317-1322 

  13. Srivastava, R. C., 1978: Parameterization of raindrop size distribution, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3127-3133 

  14. Tenorio, R. S., H. Sauvageot, S. R. Buarque, 1995: Statistical Study of Rain Cell Size Distribution Using Radar Data During Squall Lines Episodes In West Africa, In. III INTER. SYMP. OF HYDROLOGICAL APPL. OF WEA. RADARS, 1, 518-526 

  15. Tenorio, R. S., 1996: Etude statistique de la distribution de taille des cellules de pluie: implications pour l'estimation des champs de precipitation par radar, PhD thesis - Universite de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier), 188 pp 

  16. Tenorio, R. S., M. C. S. Moraes, D. A. Quintao and B. H. Kwon, 2003: Estimation of the Z-R relation through the Disdrometer for the coastal region in the northeast of Brazil, J. of Kor. Earth Sci. Soc., 24(1), 30-35 

  17. Ulbrich, C. W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution, J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775 

  18. Willis, P. T. and P. Tattelman, 1989: Drop-size distribution associated with intense rainfall, J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 3-15 

  19. Zawadzki, I. and M. de A., Antonio, 1988: Equilibrium raindrop size distributions in tropical rain, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3452-3459 

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