As a Biodiversity Management Plan in S. Korea, barley fields are being prepared for the wintering migratory birds. However, the effectiveness of barley fields as a feeding habitat has not been evaluated. In 2003/04 wintering period, we installed exclosures in the barley fields to evaluate the waterf...
As a Biodiversity Management Plan in S. Korea, barley fields are being prepared for the wintering migratory birds. However, the effectiveness of barley fields as a feeding habitat has not been evaluated. In 2003/04 wintering period, we installed exclosures in the barley fields to evaluate the waterfowl grazing effectiveness. Approximately 8,000 waterfowls used the Dongup Reservoir System and utilized the barley fields during the daytime. The white-fronted goose Anser albifrons occupied more than 90% of the all barley-feeding waterfowls. Waterfowls significantly impacted to the shoot density and biomass of barley. In the closed plot, barley shoot density gradually increased to $267{\pm}27/m^2$ in January, 2004. Shoot density in open plots (site 1) declined sharply from.15 December ($189{\pm}18/m^2$) to 5 January 2004 ($25{\pm}11/m^2$). However, barley shoot density in open plots (site 2) was stable in January 2004 because of human disturbances. The changes in barley biomass and shoot density showed similar trend in both open and closed plot. From the exclosure experiment, it was clear that barley fields were important feeding habitat for wintering waterfowls in this area. Further, human disturbances such as noise from traffic and other human activities (farming and hiking) had significant impact on waterfowls' grazing activity. Collectively, winter barley fields were effective for waterfowl feeding, but the location of barley fields should be carefully selected for the maximum utilization of the barley feeding.
As a Biodiversity Management Plan in S. Korea, barley fields are being prepared for the wintering migratory birds. However, the effectiveness of barley fields as a feeding habitat has not been evaluated. In 2003/04 wintering period, we installed exclosures in the barley fields to evaluate the waterfowl grazing effectiveness. Approximately 8,000 waterfowls used the Dongup Reservoir System and utilized the barley fields during the daytime. The white-fronted goose Anser albifrons occupied more than 90% of the all barley-feeding waterfowls. Waterfowls significantly impacted to the shoot density and biomass of barley. In the closed plot, barley shoot density gradually increased to $267{\pm}27/m^2$ in January, 2004. Shoot density in open plots (site 1) declined sharply from.15 December ($189{\pm}18/m^2$) to 5 January 2004 ($25{\pm}11/m^2$). However, barley shoot density in open plots (site 2) was stable in January 2004 because of human disturbances. The changes in barley biomass and shoot density showed similar trend in both open and closed plot. From the exclosure experiment, it was clear that barley fields were important feeding habitat for wintering waterfowls in this area. Further, human disturbances such as noise from traffic and other human activities (farming and hiking) had significant impact on waterfowls' grazing activity. Collectively, winter barley fields were effective for waterfowl feeding, but the location of barley fields should be carefully selected for the maximum utilization of the barley feeding.
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문제 정의
The aim of our study focused on the effectiveness of winter barley field as a waterfowl food sources. Therefore, we conducted field observations and experiments.
제안 방법
Site 2 is installed nearby a road (30~35 m) and farmstead (40 m) to evaluate the feeding habitats selection related to human disturbances. In the experimental site we sampled barley randomly 6 times from November 2003 to March 2004 to analyze the shoot density and biomass. We used one-way ANOVA to compare the means of shoot density and its biomass of closed and open plots.
2003. In the three sites exclosures were installed to evaluate the impact of waterfowl grazing activity on the winter barley crop (Fig. 1). We established exclosure in each site using iron nets (size; 5 x 5 m, mesh; 3 cm x 3 cm) to compare the growth of barley in open and closed experimental fields on 7 November 2003.
a point counts method (Bibby and Burgess 1992). In the winter barely field, we conducted wintering waterfowl monitoring and human disturbance to evaluate the daytime feeding pattern from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
대상 데이터
Site 1 is located in the center part of the winter barley field and contained three closed plots and three open plots. Site 2 is installed nearby a road (30~35 m) and farmstead (40 m) to evaluate the feeding habitats selection related to human disturbances.
1. The Dongup Reservoir System and the location of three study sites.
데이터처리
In the experimental site we sampled barley randomly 6 times from November 2003 to March 2004 to analyze the shoot density and biomass. We used one-way ANOVA to compare the means of shoot density and its biomass of closed and open plots. After the ANOVA process, we adapted the Duncan test as post-hoc analysis to define the difference of shoot density and biomass among the plots.
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