다량으로 배출되고 있는 축산분뇨를 퇴비화 하여 농지로 투입하는 것은 토양의 물리화학성 개선 등의 유효한 효과가 있지만, 적절한 부숙화 과정을 거치지 않은 미부숙 물질을 투여하면 나쁜 영향을 끼치게 된다. 축산분뇨를 이용한 부산물 비료의 제조에 있어서 적절한 부숙도 관리가 중요한 이유이다. 따라서 축산부산물을 주원료로 하고 부재료와 부숙 기간을 7가지 단계로 달리한 부산물비료를 대상으로 부숙화에 따른 화학성의 변화 경향 파악과 색도, 점도, 입도, 용적밀도 등의 물리성 변화를 아울러 조사하여, 부숙도에 대한 판정지표를 추출하고자 하였다. 휴민산 함량, 유기물/질소 비율, 양이온치환용량, 염함량 등의 화학성이 부숙정도와 밀접한 관련이 있었으며, 물리적 특성에서는 수분함량, 입자밀도 및 용적밀도, 입경별 분포, 색도 등이 부숙도의 판정지표로 사용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
다량으로 배출되고 있는 축산분뇨를 퇴비화 하여 농지로 투입하는 것은 토양의 물리화학성 개선 등의 유효한 효과가 있지만, 적절한 부숙화 과정을 거치지 않은 미부숙 물질을 투여하면 나쁜 영향을 끼치게 된다. 축산분뇨를 이용한 부산물 비료의 제조에 있어서 적절한 부숙도 관리가 중요한 이유이다. 따라서 축산부산물을 주원료로 하고 부재료와 부숙 기간을 7가지 단계로 달리한 부산물비료를 대상으로 부숙화에 따른 화학성의 변화 경향 파악과 색도, 점도, 입도, 용적밀도 등의 물리성 변화를 아울러 조사하여, 부숙도에 대한 판정지표를 추출하고자 하였다. 휴민산 함량, 유기물/질소 비율, 양이온치환용량, 염함량 등의 화학성이 부숙정도와 밀접한 관련이 있었으며, 물리적 특성에서는 수분함량, 입자밀도 및 용적밀도, 입경별 분포, 색도 등이 부숙도의 판정지표로 사용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Utilization of organic by-product fertilizers has many beneficial effects on agricultural activities and in aspects of the disposal of enormous amounts of livestock manure. Most of these beneficial effects are related to the improvement of soil condition, such as fertility status and physicochemical...
Utilization of organic by-product fertilizers has many beneficial effects on agricultural activities and in aspects of the disposal of enormous amounts of livestock manure. Most of these beneficial effects are related to the improvement of soil condition, such as fertility status and physicochemical quality of soil. But, appropriate indexes are needed to effectively manage the quality of organic by-product fertilizers amended on soil. To find chemical and physical standard to control the compost quality, the changes in chemical and physical characteristics of organic by-product fertilizers during composting were investigated, and also an appropriate physical method for this end. The results showed chemical properties, such as humic acid content, OM/N ratio, cation exchange capacity and salt content, had significant relationships during the composting. The water content, particle and bulk densities, particle size and color indices, as physical properties, were also applicable factors for the quality control of compost.
Utilization of organic by-product fertilizers has many beneficial effects on agricultural activities and in aspects of the disposal of enormous amounts of livestock manure. Most of these beneficial effects are related to the improvement of soil condition, such as fertility status and physicochemical quality of soil. But, appropriate indexes are needed to effectively manage the quality of organic by-product fertilizers amended on soil. To find chemical and physical standard to control the compost quality, the changes in chemical and physical characteristics of organic by-product fertilizers during composting were investigated, and also an appropriate physical method for this end. The results showed chemical properties, such as humic acid content, OM/N ratio, cation exchange capacity and salt content, had significant relationships during the composting. The water content, particle and bulk densities, particle size and color indices, as physical properties, were also applicable factors for the quality control of compost.
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문제 정의
For example, the illegal use of industrial wastes takes places and causes some injury to crop plants and disturbance of soil fertility. The objective of this work is to find some effective idicators against problems from immature or illegal compost. The current quality status of compost produced commercially from Korea were evaluated and the relationship between physical and chemical properties were investigated for organic by-product fertilizers.
제안 방법
Relative spectral reflectance curve by wavelength. (A , Relative spectral reflectance curve of the organic by-product fertilizers at each wavelength, expressed as Y = a exp (bX); B, The changes of relative spectral reflectance curves of COM 3 by composing stages; COM3, pig manure (25%), poultry manure (25%), chaff (50%), and over 30 days total composting period, 3 days / stage.).
Samples used in the chemical quality analysis were collected from 100 of different sources among total 432 manufactures in Korea. Among them 7 representative composts were selected to investigate relationship between the physical and chemical properties, and samples were divided into eleven composting stages considering each composting process. These samples were collected from seven kinds of livestock composting facilities, which used different sources of livestock wastes, as shown in Table 1.
The current quality status of compost produced commercially from Korea were evaluated and the relationship between physical and chemical properties were investigated for organic by-product fertilizers. For such purpose, water content, particle and bulk densities, particle size distribution and color indices, OM/N ratio, inorganic nitrogen, CEC and degree of humification in the compost samples were analyzed.
Fraction was calculated from the gram of fraction divided by 10 grams of organic by-product fertilizer; BD, bulk density; COM 5, pig manure (10), poultry manure (20), sawdust (15), dregs of oil and less (55), a 30 day total composting period, 3 days / stage.
The seven kinds of organic by-product fertilizers among 100 samples, considering the composition of raw material and productivity, were selected to evaluate changes of chemical and physical properties during composting. Each organic by-product fertilizer was collected at eleven composting stages that were divided by the decomposition periods.
데이터처리
* Tendency, changes of physico chemical properties during composting; -1, decreased during composting; 0, unchanged during composting; 1, increased during composting; *, no tendency. They were determined using the correlation coefficients for each physical and chemical parameter with composting time (days).
이론/모형
(1990). The bulk density was determined by the method proposed by NIAST (1996). The viscosity of membrane filtered 1:5 water extract was measured by Ostwald type capillary viscometer.
The organic matter content was determined by loss on ignition at 430℃ for 24 hours (NIAST, 1996). The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined by the methods of Lax et al. (1986) using BaCl2-triethanolamine. Samples for heavy metal content were digested in the ternary solutions, HNO3:H2SO4:HClO4 = 10:1:4, and measured using ICPAES (JY 138 Ultrace, JOBIN YVON).
Samples for heavy metal content were digested in the ternary solutions, HNO3:H2SO4:HClO4 = 10:1:4, and measured using ICPAES (JY 138 Ultrace, JOBIN YVON). The humic materials (humic acid, fulvic acid and humin) were extracted from compost by modified method of Hayes (1985). The organic carbon content of each humic material was determined by backtitration method after oxidation by K2Cr2O7.
The humic materials (humic acid, fulvic acid and humin) were extracted from compost by modified method of Hayes (1985). The organic carbon content of each humic material was determined by backtitration method after oxidation by K2Cr2O7. The humification index (HI) and humification ratio (HR) were calculated by equation suggested by Inbar et al.
성능/효과
The PWBD of the organic by-product fertilizers showed no significant changes during composting. The correlation coefficient between the bulk density (r2=0.67) and organic matter content was smaller than the values between the PWBD and the organic matter content (r2=0.78). Table 5 shows the changes in the particle size index for the organic by-product fertilizers over the composting periods.
참고문헌 (19)
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