[논문]Experimental investigation of interlaminar mechanical properties on carbon fiber stitched CFRP laminates

Iwahori, Yutaka; Ishikawa, Takashi; Watanabe, Naoyuki; Ito, Akira; Hayashi, Yoichi; Sugimoto, Sunao

doi:10.1163/156855107780918973

Experimental investigation of interlaminar mechanical properties on carbon fiber stitched CFRP laminates 원문보기

Advanced composite materials : the official journal of the Japan Society of Composite Materials and the Korea Society for Composite Materials, v.16 no.2, 2007년, pp.95 - 113

Iwahori, Yutaka (Composite Technology Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) , Ishikawa, Takashi (Aviation Program Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) , Watanabe, Naoyuki (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University) , Ito, Akira (School of Science and Technology, Meiji University) , Hayashi, Yoichi (Composite Technology Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) , Sugimoto, Sunao (Composite Technology Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Experimental investigations of interlaminar mechanical properties for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates were carried out using aramid fiber ($Kevlar^{(R)}$-29 1000d) and carbon fiber (TR40-1K 612d, Mitsubishi Rayon) stitching. Various carbon fiber (CF) stitch densities were used to prepare a number of CF stitched CFRP laminates for double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. An insert tongue-type loading fixture, developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (formerly the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan), was also employed in the DCB test. Interlaminar tension tests were carried out under an out-of-plane directional loading using a single CF stitch thread in the CFRP laminates. The DCB test results clarified that the relationship between the volume fractions of the CF stitch thread ($V_{ft}$) and mode I critical energy release rate ($G_{Ic}$) showed a mostly linear function with a higher gradient than that of the $Kevlar^{(R)}$ stitched CFRP laminates. The CF stitched CFRP tension test results indicated that the consumption energy per unit area ($E_i$) was larger than that of $Kevlar^{(R)}$ stitched CFRP laminates.

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가설 설정

Pictures of separated DCB test specimen after DCB test. (a) Survived threads were broken at the end of the thread loop. (b) Survived threads were broken at the root of the lower stitch thread.
(a) Survived threads were broken at the end of the thread loop. (b) Survived threads were broken at the root of the lower stitch thread.

제안 방법

An image of the single-stitched CFRP tension test set is shown in Fig. 8. Micro CT observations were performed to observe the internal state of the CFRP laminates about the interlaminar fracture of CFRP laminates and the stitch thread fracture under the tension test. The single CF stitched CFRP tension test was halted at a specific displacement after the second load drop, and an epoxy resin was fed into the test specimen slits in order to hold of the specimen’s displacement.
DCB tests were carried out on CF stitched CFRP laminates with various stitch densities, and the mode I critical crack energy release rate (G_Ic) was obtained. Moreover, CF stitched CFRP interlaminar tension tests were conducted and the pull out behaviors of the CF stitch thread from the CFRP laminates were observed and analyzed.
DCB tests were carried out on various stitch densities for CF stitched CFRP laminates to obtain the mode I critical interlaminar crack energy release rate (G_Ic). The CF stitch thread was TR40-1K (Mitsubishi Rayon), in-plane fiber was T700-12K (Toray Industries), and resin system was TR-A31 (Toray Industries) based on an RTM with a curing temperature of 180℃.
Moreover, interlaminar tension tests of a single CF stitched CFRP laminates were also carried out under out-of-plane directional load. In these tests, for several representative test specimens, fracture state of through-the-thickness thread was analyzed using microfocus X-ray computed tomography (Micro CT) [11, 12] at several displacement levels. The DCB test results and Micro CT observations of the CF stitched CFRP laminates and a comparison of the CF and Kevlar^® single stitch tension test data are discussed below.
Stitched specimens were prepared for observation of internal stitch thread fracture transition in the CFRP laminates, as described later. Micro CT observations were performed with a screw-driven type (Instron 5500R) test machine (crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min) as the same as DCB test. Displacement and tension load were measured.
) was obtained. Moreover, CF stitched CFRP interlaminar tension tests were conducted and the pull out behaviors of the CF stitch thread from the CFRP laminates were observed and analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn from the above results and discussions.
The single CF stitched CFRP tension test was halted at a specific displacement after the second load drop, and an epoxy resin was fed into the test specimen slits in order to hold of the specimen’s displacement. The aluminum angles were then removed, and the Micro CT observations were conducted.

대상 데이터

Moreover, some resin rich portions are observed around the stitch threads. Five stitch parameters, unstitched, stitched pitch and space were 6 mm by 12 mm, 6 mm by 6 mm, 3 mm by 6 mm, and 3 mm by 3 mm, were prepared for DCB test specimens. The actual stitch densities were measured after the DCB tests, and used in data analysis.
). The CF stitch thread was TR40-1K (Mitsubishi Rayon), in-plane fiber was T700-12K (Toray Industries), and resin system was TR-A31 (Toray Industries) based on an RTM with a curing temperature of 180℃. The CFRP laminates were an in-plane fiber orientation of [+45/0/−45/90]_S3 as quasi-isotropic laminates.

성능/효과

(1) It was confirmed that the mode I interlaminar critical energy release rate (G_Ic) tends to increase with increasing volume fractions of CF stitched CFRP laminates.

후속연구

, must all be taken into account. It is also necessary to conduct further research into the effects of the mode II crack energy release rate for the stitched CFRP laminates. Moreover, a detailed research of the fracture mechanism involved in the stitched CFRP laminates is necessary.

참고문헌 (13)

Y. Tada and T. Ishikawa, Experimental evaluation of the effects of stitching on CFRP laminate specimens with various shapes and locations, Key Engng Mater. 37, 305-316 (1989)

상세보기
Y. Tada and T. Ishikawa, Stitching effect upon strength of composite laminates, in: Proc. 7th US-Japan Conf. Compos. Mater., pp. 295-302 (1995)
Y. Iwahori and T. Ishikawa et al., Open hole compression fatigue test of stitched CFRP laminates, in: Proc. 9th US-Japan Conf. Compos. Mater., pp. 761-768 (2000)
S. Horikawa et al., in: Proc. 8th Japan Internat. SAMPE Sympos., pp. 509-512 (2003)
Y. Tanzawa, N. Watanabe and T. Ishikawa, Interlaminar fracture toughness of 3-D orthogonal interlocked fabric composites, Compos. Sci. Technol. 59, 1261-1270 (1999)

상세보기
N. Watanabe and N. Nishii, FEM simulation of DCB test for stitched CFRP laminates, in: Proc. 41st AIAA SDM Conf., Report No. 2000-1616 (2000)
Y. Iwahori, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Hayashi and N. Watanabe, Study of interlaminar fracture toughness improvement on stitched CFRP laminates, Japan Soc. Compos. Mater. 26, 90-100 (2000)

상세보기
S. C. Dai,W. Yan, H. Y. Liu and Y.W. Mai, Experimental study on Z-pin bridging law by pullout test, Compos. Sci. Technol. 64, 2451-2457 (2004)

상세보기
W. Yan, H. Y. Liu and Y. W. Mai, Mode II delamination toughness of Z-pinned laminates, Compos. Sci. Technol. 64, 1937-1945 (2004)

상세보기
P. Robinson and S. Das, Mode I DCB testing of composite laminates reinforced with Z-direction pins: a simple model for the investigation of data reduction strategies, Engng Fract. Mech. 71, 345-364 (2004)

상세보기
Y. Iwahori, S. Sugimoto, T. Kato and T. Ishikawa, Mechanism of interlaminar strength improvement for CFRP laminates by stitching, in: Proc. 26th Internat. SAMPE Europe, pp. 171-176 (2005)
T. Ishikawa, Y. Iwahori, Y. Aoki, S. Takeda and H. Kikukawa, Research for composites strength evolution technology fabricated by new consolidation method, Japan Soc. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 53, 92-97 (2005)
M. Matsushima, T. Ishikawa and Y. Hayashi, Experimental Investigation of Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber/Thermoplastic and Carbon Fiber/Thermosetting Composites by DCB Specimens, Kobayashi, S., National Aerospace Laboratory report, TR-1096 (1991)

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Experimental investigation of interlaminar mechanical properties on carbon fiber stitched CFRP laminates 원문보기

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Experimental investigation of interlaminar mechanical properties on carbon fiber stitched CFRP laminates 원문보기

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