[논문]신뢰성 기법을 이용한 지진으로 인한 사면 변위해석

김진만

doi:10.7843/kgs.2007.23.3.111

신뢰성 기법을 이용한 지진으로 인한 사면 변위해석
Reliability Analysis of Seismically Induced Slope Deformations 원문보기

韓國地盤工學會論文集 = Journal of the Korean geotechnical society, v.23 no.3, 2007년, pp.111 - 121

김진만 (Dept. of Civil Engrg., Pusan National Univ.)

초록
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지진하중의 불확실성을 평가할 수 있는 신뢰성기반 해석기법을 제시한다. 이 기법은 종래의 한계평형법과 뉴막-형식의 변형량 계산기법에 확률개념을 도입하였으며 피해 위험성을 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션 해석기법으로 계산한다. 지진파를 작성하고 이들을 사면 내진 해석에 사용하고자 확률변수 프로세스와 RMS 재해 기법을 도입하였다. 지반성질의 변동성과 통계오차도 고려하였다. 신뢰성 해석 결과 지진활동이 활발한 지역에서는, 계산된 사면파괴 위험성과 과도한 영구변형의 관점에서 비교할 때 지진재해 평가가 더 중요한 사항이며, 재료성질의 모사방법의 차이는 상대적으로 영향이 적다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 이 결과는 원형 및 비원형 형태의 활동면 파괴에 모두 해당된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The paper presents a reliability-based method that can capture the impact of uncertainty of seismic loadings. The proposed method incorporates probabilistic concepts into the classical limit equilibrium and the Newmark-type deformation techniques. The risk of damage is then computed by Monte Carlo simulation. Random process and RMS hazard method are introduced to produce seismic motions and also to use them in the seismic slope analyses. The geotechnical variability and sampling errors are also considered. The results of reliability analyses indicate that in a highly seismically active region, characterization of earthquake hazard is the more critical factor, and characterization of soil properties has a relatively small effect on the computed risk of slope failure and excessive slope deformations. The results can be applicable to both circular and non-circular slip surface failure modes.

주제어

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문제 정의

Kim (2003) described some of the findings from that study and this paper reports all the remaining findings in details. In this paper, the author presents a reliability-based method that can capture the impact of uncertainty of key material properties and seismic loading in the assessment of seismic slope stability. The uncertainty of seismic loading is approached by generating a large series of hazard-compatible artificial motions, and by using them in subsequent response analyses.
This paper reports follow-up analytical and numerical studies that investigated the influence of inherent variability and uncertainty of seismic loading in the analysis of seismic slope stability. Kim (2003) described some of the findings from that study and this paper reports all the remaining findings in details.

제안 방법

approach are illustrated in Figure 3. The author uses the so-called decoupled approach, in which seismic response and deformation analyses are carried out separately, mainly because of its computational efficiency. The analogy of a block resting on an inclined plane (so-called Newmark's metiiod, Newmark 1965) is used for estimating the permanent displacement of the sliding mass due to earthquake shaking.
The program requires the definition of limit-state functions through user-defined subroutines. These user subroutines are written by the author in such a way that once statistics of seismic hazard, soil properties and geometry of the problem are provided, the program performs all sequential computations from the motion generation to deformation estimation without any interruption.
The results were described by Kim (2003) and therefore, are briefly discussed here only for comparison purpose. This paper, however, reports some of findings from the follow-up study that examines the influence of scales of fluctuation in the seismic slope stability.

대상 데이터

It is worthy to note that sampling errors have the effect of shifting the trends of the generated soil properties from the sample mean. For the purpose of this seismic analysis, the landfill slope is assumed to be in Berkeley, California, in the seismically active San Francisco Bay Area. The major faults affecting the region are the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults, all within 30 kilometers of the site.

이론/모형

In order to generate RMS-compatible ground motion, we need to specify the frequency content and duration in addition to the RMS acceleration. The author adopts the stochastic ground motion parameters suggested by Wang and Kavazanjian (1987) and updated by Tung et al. (1992). Tables 2 and 3 summarize stochastic ground motion parameters used in this study.
Expressions for characterization of material properties developed to incorporate sampling errors, spatial variation that were described in details by Kim (2003) are used, but are not repeatedly described here. The potential sliding mass is divided into 40 slices and Spencer method of analysis (as a subroutine of CALREL) is used to evaluate the limiting equilibrium.
The procedure needs the shear stress time history 為。), as described by Bray and Rathje (1998). The shear stress time history at the base of potential sliding mass is evaluated with 1-D wave analyses by using SHAKE91(Idriss and Sun 1992). Unlike the deformation analyses, the ground response analyses are performed by assuming that the key soil properties are deterministic, hence 냐sing mean values of the properties.
The study adopts the following widely quoted form for the power spectral density function (PSD) that is based on Kanai (1957) and Tajimi (1960), s studies.
The geotechnical variability and sampling errors are also taken into consideration. This approach incorporates probabilistic concepts into the classical limit equilibrium and the Newmark-type deformation techniques. The authors adopt the so-called decoupled approach, where seismic response and deformation analyses are carried out separately, mainly because of its computational efficiency, The risk of damage is then computed by Monte Carlo sim비ation Finally, the overall impact of uncertainties and their relative significance on seismic stability of slopes will be judged.

성능/효과

Laboratory tests yield a sample mean value c =45 kN/m with standard deviation sc = 13.5 kM/m for undrained shear strength, and 7 = 18 kN/m and 5 = 0.9 kN/m for soil density. The soil deposit is modeled as a statistically homogeneous random field with two different scales of fluctuation (a measure of correlation distance) & = 5 m and 6y=lmi and Sx = 25m and Sy = 5mJ respectively.
It may be thus argued in this particular case that seismic uncertainty is the dominant factor in the assessment of stability of the slope, and that material uncertainty maybe neglected without significant impact on the computed reliability of the problem. The results suggest that in a highly seismically active region, characterization of earthquake hazard is the most important and that characterization of soil properties, if in a reasonable range, have a relatively small effect on the computed risk of the slope failure.
The results suggest that in a seismically active region like the Western States of USA, Taiwan and Japan, characterization of earthquake hazard is the more critical factor in the computed risk, and a moderate variability in material properties and its characterization have a relatively small effect on the computed risk of slope failure and excessive slope defomations. On the other hand, in a seismically less active region like the MidWestern States of USA, Britain mid Korea, characterization of material properties may be equally important to that of earthquake hazard, and therefore cannot be neglected.

참고문헌 (31)

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상세보기
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상세보기
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