[논문]Locating Idle Vehicles in Tandem-Loop Automated Guided Vehicle Systems to Minimize the Maximum Response Time

Lee, Shiwoo

Locating Idle Vehicles in Tandem-Loop Automated Guided Vehicle Systems to Minimize the Maximum Response Time 원문보기

Industrial engineering & management systems : an international journal, v.6 no.2, 2007년, pp.125 - 135

Lee, Shiwoo (School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

An automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is a group of collaborating unmanned vehicles which is commonly used for transporting materials within manufacturing, warehousing, or distribution systems. The performance of an AGV system depends on the dispatching rules used to assign vehicles to pickup requests, the vehicle routing protocols, and the home location of idle vehicles, which are called dwell points. In manufacturing and distribution environments which emphasize just-in-time principles, performance measures for material handling are based on response times for pickup requests and equipment utilization. In an AGV system, the response time for a pickup request is the time that it takes for the vehicle to travel from its dwell point to the pickup station. In this article, an exact dynamic programming algorithm for selecting dwell points in a tandem-loop multiple-vehicle AGV system is presented. The objective of the model is to minimize the maximum response time for all pickup requests in a given shift. The recursive algorithm considers time restrictions on the availability of vehicles during the shift.

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문제 정의

However, it is computationally inefficient. Therefore, this paper focuses on developing an optimal polynomial-time algorithm that determines the number of AGVs and the corresponding dwell points in each loop. The following additional notation and assumptions are necessary to develop a proposed algorithm.

가설 설정

4. S^(k) forms a complete partition of V^(k), i.e., # and S_r^(k) ∩ S_p^(k) = ∅, for all r≠p.
A : vehicle availability time per shift.

제안 방법

In this article, a polynomial-time DP algorithm has been proposed to determine an optimal set of dwell points that minimizes the maximum vehicle response time in AGV systems with a TLMV layout. The proposed algorithm generalizes the approach developed by Ventura and Rieksts (2006) by considering the acceleration and deceleration of vehicles in the calculation of the response time and by taking into account time constraints on the availability of vehicles.
Like the tandemloop layout, the TLMV system consists of non-overlapping loops and transfers between adjacent loops occur at transfer ports. In this research, a transfer port is either placed at an existing P/D station or converted to an additional P/D station acting as a pickup station for incoming traffics and a dropoff station for outgoing traffics. The TLMV system may contain more than one AGV in each loop and a unidirectional guide path is usually employed to avoid collisions.
The proposed algorithm is illustrated in Figure 4 and summarized in the following. The proposed algorithm consists of two stages: feasibility stage and optimization stage.
In this article, a polynomial-time DP algorithm has been proposed to determine an optimal set of dwell points that minimizes the maximum vehicle response time in AGV systems with a TLMV layout. The proposed algorithm generalizes the approach developed by Ventura and Rieksts (2006) by considering the acceleration and deceleration of vehicles in the calculation of the response time and by taking into account time constraints on the availability of vehicles. The proposed algorithm does not consider traffic congestion at the P/D stations and transfer ports due to random arrivals of pickup requests.

이론/모형

be the optimal maximum response time for the first j pickup stations, starting from the first pickup station w, when they are served by i AGVs in loop k. The proposed algorithm is based on a dynamic programming (DP) model. The DP model divides the idle vehicle positional problem into n stages, so that the initial station # in S_j^(k) and an AGV dwell point x_j^(k) assigned to S_j^(k) is the only decision to be made in stage j ∈ {1, 2, …, h^(k)}.
Though numbers of requests between pairs of stations are given, it is difficult to find an analytic solution on the minimum number of AGVs for each loop. Therefore, the proposed algorithm uses the incremental approach. This approach is extended from the following theorem.

성능/효과

Ventura and Lee (2001) performed a simulation and a cost analy sis on the four basic types of layouts: conventional network layout, single loop layout, tandem loop layout, and TLMV layout. They concluded the unidirectional TLMV layout gave the best performance with reasonable installation and operating costs. Ventura and Lee performed a second simulation study comparing three idle vehicle positioning rules in an AGV system with TLMV layout.

후속연구

The proposed algorithm does not consider traffic congestion at the P/D stations and transfer ports due to random arrivals of pickup requests. In future research, we plan to consider stochastic delays in travel times due to congestion at the P/D stations and transfer ports.

참고문헌 (11)

？Bozer, Y. A. and Srinivasan, M. M. (1992), Tandem AGV Systems: A partitioning algorithm and performance comparison with conventional AGV systems, European Journal of Operational Research, 63(2), 173-192.

상세보기
Egbelu, P. J. (1993), Positioning of automated guided vehicles in a loop layout to improve response time, European Journal of Operational Research, 71(1), 32-44.

상세보기
Egbelu, P. J. and Tanchoco, J. M. A. (1986), Potentials for bidirectional guide-path for automated guided vehicle based systems, International Journal of Production Research, 24, 1075-1097.

상세보기
Heragu, S. (1997), Facilities Design, PWS Publishing, Boston, MA.
Lee, C. and Ventura, J. A. (2001), Optimal dwell point location of automated guided vehicles to minimize mean response time in a loop layout, International Journal of Production Research, 39(17), 4013-4031.

상세보기
Rajotia, S., Shanker, K., and Batra, J. L. (1998), Determination of optimal AGV fleet size for FMS, International Journal of Production Research, 36(5), 1177-1198.

상세보기
Ross, E. A., Mahmoodi, F., and Mosier, C. T. (1996), Tandem configuration in automated guided vehicle systems: A comparative study, Decision Sciences, 27(1), 81-102.

상세보기
Sinriech, D. (1995), Network design models for discrete material flow systems: A literature review, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 10, 277-291.

상세보기
Sinriech, D. and Tanchoco, J. M. A. (1992), Impact of empty vehicle flow on performance of single-loop AGV systems, International Journal of Production Research, 30(10), 22237-2252.
Ventura, J. A. and Lee, C. (2001), A study of the tandem loop with multiple vehicles configuration for automated guided vehicle systems, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 20(3), 153-165.

상세보기
Ventura, J. A. and Rieksts, B. Q. (2006), Optimal location of dwell points in a single loop AGV system with vehicle capacity constraints, Working Paper, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.

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Locating Idle Vehicles in Tandem-Loop Automated Guided Vehicle Systems to Minimize the Maximum Response Time 원문보기

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Locating Idle Vehicles in Tandem-Loop Automated Guided Vehicle Systems to Minimize the Maximum Response Time 원문보기

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