The present study was carried out to investigate the potential adverse effects of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol on pregnant dams after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The tested chemical was administered orally to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 1...
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential adverse effects of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol on pregnant dams after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The tested chemical was administered orally to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 30, or 90 mg/kg/day. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, and Caesarean section findings were examined. In the 90 mg/kg group, decreases in the body weight gain and food consumption, and increases in the weights of liver and adrenal glands were observed. Serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin (BIL) and decreases in glucose (GLU), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). In the 30 mg/kg group, a decrease in the food consumption and an increase in the liver weight were observed. Serum biochemical investigation also showed increases in CHO and TG and a decrease in glucose. Since there were no signs of maternal toxicity in the 10 mg/kg group, it is considered to be the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. It is concluded that successive oral administration of 1,3-dichloro- 2-propanol to pregnant rats for 14 days may cause significant toxicities in body weight and liver at a dose rate ${\geq}$ 30 mg/kg/day.
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential adverse effects of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol on pregnant dams after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The tested chemical was administered orally to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 30, or 90 mg/kg/day. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, and Caesarean section findings were examined. In the 90 mg/kg group, decreases in the body weight gain and food consumption, and increases in the weights of liver and adrenal glands were observed. Serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin (BIL) and decreases in glucose (GLU), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). In the 30 mg/kg group, a decrease in the food consumption and an increase in the liver weight were observed. Serum biochemical investigation also showed increases in CHO and TG and a decrease in glucose. Since there were no signs of maternal toxicity in the 10 mg/kg group, it is considered to be the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. It is concluded that successive oral administration of 1,3-dichloro- 2-propanol to pregnant rats for 14 days may cause significant toxicities in body weight and liver at a dose rate ${\geq}$ 30 mg/kg/day.
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제안 방법
Experimental group. Healthy female rats were assigned randomly to four experimental groups: three treatment groups of 1,3-DCP receiving 10, 30, or 90 mg/kg/day and a vehicle control group (n = 10 inseminated females per group).
Caesarean section. The ovaries and uterus of each female were removed and examined for the number of corpora lutea and the status of all implantation sites, i.e., live and dead fetuses, early and late resorptions and total implantations. Resorption was classified as “early” when only placental tissue was visible and “late” when placental and embryonic tissue were visible at caesarean section.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential maternal toxicity of 1,3-DCP administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg per day on days 6 through 19 of pregnancy. The results of this study showed that a 14- day oral dose of 1,3-DCP to rats during pregnancy resulted in various adverse effects on clinical sign, body weight, food consumption, organ weight, and serum biochemistry at dose levels of ≥ 30 mg/kg/day.
However, the potential adverse effects of 1,3-DCP on pregnant dams have not been studied yet. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the potential effect of 1,3-DCP on pregnant dams of Sprague-Dawley rats when administered from days 6 through 19 of gestation.
대상 데이터
In conclusion, the 14-day repeated oral dose of pregnant rats to 1,3-DCP resulted in decreases in the food consumption and GLU and increases in the liver weight, CHO and TG at 30 mg/kg/day; decreases in the body weight gain, food consumption, GLU, ALB, and TP and increases in the weights of liver and adrenal glands, AST, ALT, CHO, TG, ALP and BIL at 90 mg/kg/day. The target organ was determined to be the liver in pregnant rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 10 mg/kg/day in rats.
데이터처리
The results are expressed as mean ± SD. Quantitative continuous data such as the maternal body weight, food consumption, fetal body weight, placental weight, and serum biochemical values were subjected to a one-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA), and a Scheffe multiple comparison test was carried out when the differences were significant (Scheffe, 1953). The numbers of corpora lutea, total implantations, live and dead fetuses were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal and Wallis, 1952), followed by the Mann-Whitney U test when appropriate.
The gender ratio of live fetuses was compared using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact probability test.
Quantitative continuous data such as the maternal body weight, food consumption, fetal body weight, placental weight, and serum biochemical values were subjected to a one-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA), and a Scheffe multiple comparison test was carried out when the differences were significant (Scheffe, 1953). The numbers of corpora lutea, total implantations, live and dead fetuses were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal and Wallis, 1952), followed by the Mann-Whitney U test when appropriate. The gender ratio of live fetuses was compared using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact probability test.
성능/효과
In conclusion, the 14-day repeated oral dose of pregnant rats to 1,3-DCP resulted in decreases in the food consumption and GLU and increases in the liver weight, CHO and TG at 30 mg/kg/day; decreases in the body weight gain, food consumption, GLU, ALB, and TP and increases in the weights of liver and adrenal glands, AST, ALT, CHO, TG, ALP and BIL at 90 mg/kg/day. The target organ was determined to be the liver in pregnant rats.
Significant maternal toxicity of 1,3-DCP was observed in the 30 and 90 mg/kg groups, which was evidenced by the decrease in body weight, body weight gain, corrected body weight, and food consumption, the increase in adrenal gland, and liver weights, and serum biochemical changes.
Significant increases in CHO and TG and significant decreases in BUN and GLU were observed in the 30 mg/kg group in comparison with the control group. The 90 mg/kg group showed significant increases in AST, ALT, CHO, TG, ALP and BIL and significant decreases in BUN, GLU, ALB and TP when compared with the control group.
The significant increase of serum AST and ALT activities observed in the 90 mg/kg group was considered to be due to 1,3-DCP treatment, because the increment was remarkable (386~814%) and showed a clear-cut dose-response relationship. The hepatotoxic effects induced by 1,3-DCP administration were also confirmed by other serum biochemical parameters including increased CHO and TG and decreased GLU in the 30 mg/kg group and increased CHO, TG, ALP, and BIL and decreased GLU, ALB, and TP in the 90 mg/kg group. The significant decrease of BUN observed in the 30 and 90 mg/kg groups was of no toxicological significance because renal dysfunction is associated with increased serum levels of BUN and CRE (Lesko and Mitchell, 1997).
The results of this study showed that a 14- day oral dose of 1,3-DCP to rats during pregnancy resulted in various adverse effects on clinical sign, body weight, food consumption, organ weight, and serum biochemistry at dose levels of ≥ 30 mg/kg/day.
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