유기주석화합물의 사용금지와 새로운 방오도료제의 사용으로 한국의 연안 환경은 매우 많은 변화를 겪었다. 1998년도에 측정된 서남해안 갯벌이 있는 동일한 지역을(8지역) 기준으로 하여 유기주석화합물 및 새로운 방오도료제의 농도를 8지역에 주변까지 포함하여 총 39지점을 2006년도에 측정하였다. 2006년도의 TBT의 농도는 인천 (It1)을 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 1998년에 비해 상당히 감소되었다. 제부도(Jt2),목포(MOt4)그리고 순천(SUt3)에서는 검출한계 이하로 검출되었다. 이것은 2003년 한국내에서 TBT화합물의 사용금지에 기인한 결과로 예측 할 수 있다. 하지만 한국의 대부분의 샘플링 지역에서 새로운 방오도료제인 Irgarol 1051, Dichlofluanid과 Chlorothalonil이 검출되었다. 이 중 특히 Irgarol 1051은 한국 연안에서 높은 농도로 검출되었다. 제부도 (Jt4)에서는 Irgarol 1051이 159.45 ng$g^{-1}$(dry wt)로 검출되어 측정지점 중 가장 높게 검출이 되었다. 이 결과로 볼 때 2003년을 기점으로 한국 연안에서의 TBT화합물은 점진적으로 감소 추세에 있고, 새로운 방오도료제가 쉽게 검출됨을 알 수 있었다.
유기주석화합물의 사용금지와 새로운 방오도료제의 사용으로 한국의 연안 환경은 매우 많은 변화를 겪었다. 1998년도에 측정된 서남해안 갯벌이 있는 동일한 지역을(8지역) 기준으로 하여 유기주석화합물 및 새로운 방오도료제의 농도를 8지역에 주변까지 포함하여 총 39지점을 2006년도에 측정하였다. 2006년도의 TBT의 농도는 인천 (It1)을 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 1998년에 비해 상당히 감소되었다. 제부도(Jt2),목포(MOt4)그리고 순천(SUt3)에서는 검출한계 이하로 검출되었다. 이것은 2003년 한국내에서 TBT화합물의 사용금지에 기인한 결과로 예측 할 수 있다. 하지만 한국의 대부분의 샘플링 지역에서 새로운 방오도료제인 Irgarol 1051, Dichlofluanid과 Chlorothalonil이 검출되었다. 이 중 특히 Irgarol 1051은 한국 연안에서 높은 농도로 검출되었다. 제부도 (Jt4)에서는 Irgarol 1051이 159.45 ng $g^{-1}$(dry wt)로 검출되어 측정지점 중 가장 높게 검출이 되었다. 이 결과로 볼 때 2003년을 기점으로 한국 연안에서의 TBT화합물은 점진적으로 감소 추세에 있고, 새로운 방오도료제가 쉽게 검출됨을 알 수 있었다.
The prohibition of usage of tributyltin (TBT) compounds and the legal usage of new antifouling agents have changed the Korean costal environments in recent. 39 sampling sites of southwestern tidal flats were chosen in order to investigate the concentration of antifouling agents, and results in 2006 ...
The prohibition of usage of tributyltin (TBT) compounds and the legal usage of new antifouling agents have changed the Korean costal environments in recent. 39 sampling sites of southwestern tidal flats were chosen in order to investigate the concentration of antifouling agents, and results in 2006 were compared with previous results in 1998. The concentrations of TBT compounds in most of sites except Incheon (It1) have been drastically decreased. Interestingly, In Jebudo (Jt2), Mokpo(MOt4) and Suncheon(SUt3) sites were detected as below the limit of detection and it is because of the legal restriction of TBT compounds. However, in most of the sampling sites in Korea, new antifouling agents, viz. Irgarol 1051, Dichlofluanid and Chlorothalonil, were detected. In particular, Irgarol 1051 was detected with high concentrations. In Jebudo (Jt4), a high concentration of Irgarol 1051 of 159.45 ng $g^{-1}$(dry wt) was detected. We were able to observe that the concentration of TBT compounds are has gradually been reduced whereas the new major antifouling agents are easily detected in most Korean tidal flats.
The prohibition of usage of tributyltin (TBT) compounds and the legal usage of new antifouling agents have changed the Korean costal environments in recent. 39 sampling sites of southwestern tidal flats were chosen in order to investigate the concentration of antifouling agents, and results in 2006 were compared with previous results in 1998. The concentrations of TBT compounds in most of sites except Incheon (It1) have been drastically decreased. Interestingly, In Jebudo (Jt2), Mokpo(MOt4) and Suncheon(SUt3) sites were detected as below the limit of detection and it is because of the legal restriction of TBT compounds. However, in most of the sampling sites in Korea, new antifouling agents, viz. Irgarol 1051, Dichlofluanid and Chlorothalonil, were detected. In particular, Irgarol 1051 was detected with high concentrations. In Jebudo (Jt4), a high concentration of Irgarol 1051 of 159.45 ng $g^{-1}$(dry wt) was detected. We were able to observe that the concentration of TBT compounds are has gradually been reduced whereas the new major antifouling agents are easily detected in most Korean tidal flats.
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제안 방법
This study is quite meaningful in that we can firstly compare the concentrations of butyltin compounds between 1998 and 2006 after legal restriction, and secondly, in that we were able to investigate the concentrations of the new antifouling agents appeared in the Korean coasts. The detail instrumental analyses of 39 sites in Korean southwestern tidal flats for the measurement of concentration of antifouling agents were carried out, and current results were compared with previous results in 1998.
대상 데이터
A Hewlett Packard 5890 II GC equipped with a HP 5970 mass selective detector and an Ultra-2 column crosslinked 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxzne with 50 m length, 0.2 mm id, film thickness 0.11 μm was used. After tuning the machine, the operating conditions were optimized as follows: injection volume, 3 pl; injector temperature, 300 ℃; and split time, 80 sec.
T Baker. Dibutyltindichloride (DBT, 96%) and Tributyltin chloride (TBT, 96%) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical, Inc., Triethyltinchloride (TET, 98%) from Merck, and Monobutyltintrichloride (MBT, 95%) were purchased from Johnson Mattery Alfe Products. These standard materials were used without further purification.
For butyltin compounds, a Hewlett Packard 5890 II Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with a split/splitless injector, fused silica capillary column (Ultra-1, 50 m, 0.32 mm, i.d., film thickness 0.52 pm) and a flame photometry detector were used. It was used with a 610 nm cut off interference filter at a temperature of 250 ℃ by using hydrogen and air flow rates of 45 and 35 psi/cm2 respectively.
from SUPELCO. Irgarol 1051 was purchased from Ciba-Geigy (UK). The internal standard, 9-Bromoanthracene was purchased from Aldrich.
이론/모형
2. All calculations of butyltin dompounds and new antifouling agents concentrations were performed by internal standard method.
성능/효과
, TBT: 4-158 ng/g) as in Table 5. Results of new antilduling agents are summarized in Table 6. The concentration of Irgarol 1051 in the Blackwater of estuary sediment in England was within N.D. - 222.3 ng/g, within N.D. - 15 ng/g in the North Sea sediment and within 2-80 ng/g in the Baltic sediment, but was within the N.D.- 159.45 ng g'1 (diy wt) in Korea. The concentration of Irgarol 1051 in Korea is higher than in other countries.
Because there are not many tidal flats in other countries to investigate, most researches have been focused on the sediment containing the soil on the bottom of the harbor. In this experiment the butyltin compounds in Korea were observed with a certain concentration range of N.D.- 199.44 ng Sn g'1 (dry wt) for MBT, N.D-121.68 ng Sn g'1 (dry wt) for DBT, and N.D.-l 12.63 ng Sn g'1 (dry wt) for TBT. These results were similar to those obtained for the sediment in the developed countries, England (MBT: 12-172 ng/g, DBT: 12-219 ng/g, TBT: 1-60 ng/g) and France (MBT: N.
Replicate analyses of the spiked matrices (with n=3) revealed adequate precision with good recovery and repeatability, the results of which are shown in Table 2. The mean recoveries were 90.12% for MBT, 91.01% for DBT, 89.44% for TBT, 102.85% for Irgarol 1051, 87.51% for Dichlofluanid, and 95.13% for Chlorothalonil. The detection limits for Mono-, Di-, and Tributyltin, Irgarol 1051, Dichlofluanid and Chlorothalonil were 6.
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