개에서 구강 수술 시에 있어서, xylazine 또는 전침 진통을 적용시의 진통효과를 측정하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. Glucose (GLU), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 및 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 혈액화학치의 변화와 Vital signs (호흡수, 맥박수, 심박수) 그리고 통증 반응에 대한 영향을 알아보았다. 8마리의 건강한 2년령의 잡종개를 사용하였으며, 각 4마리씩 무작위로 선별하여 xylazine 또는 전침 군에 배정하였다. Xylazine 군의 개는 체중이 3.6${\pm}$1.0 kg 이었으며, xylazine 1.5 mg/kg을 근육주사 하였으며, 전침 군의 개는 체중이 3.9${\pm}$1.0 kg 이었으며, 최초 5분 동안은 1 volt (10-15 hz)를 적용하였고, 그 이후에는 1-9 Volts (25-30 hz)를 유지시켜서 총 60 분의 전침을 적용하였으며, 사용된 경혈은 삼간 (LI-3), 합곡 (LI-4) 및 하관(ST-7) 이었다. 모든 개들은 약물 처치 또는 전침 실행에 있어서, 투여 전 및 투여 후10, 25, 40, 55 및 120분에 검사하였다. 전침 군의 평균 직장체온은, 투여 후 25, 40 및 55분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침군의 평균 심박수는, 투여 후 10, 25, 40 및 55분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침 군의 평균 호흡수는, 투여 후 55 및 120분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침군의 평균 GLU는, 투여 후 55 및 120분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. (p < 0.05). 전침 군의 평균 통증지수 총계는, 투여 후 10, 25, 40 및 55분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침 군의 진통이 xylazine 군에 비하여 더욱 양호 하였다. 침술 유도된 외과적 진통과 관련된 어떠한 부정적인 생리학적 영향도 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 허약한 환자에서 구강의 소 수술에 있어서, 이들 경혈을 사용한 전침 진통은 유용할 것으로 생각된다.
개에서 구강 수술 시에 있어서, xylazine 또는 전침 진통을 적용시의 진통효과를 측정하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. Glucose (GLU), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 및 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 혈액화학치의 변화와 Vital signs (호흡수, 맥박수, 심박수) 그리고 통증 반응에 대한 영향을 알아보았다. 8마리의 건강한 2년령의 잡종개를 사용하였으며, 각 4마리씩 무작위로 선별하여 xylazine 또는 전침 군에 배정하였다. Xylazine 군의 개는 체중이 3.6${\pm}$1.0 kg 이었으며, xylazine 1.5 mg/kg을 근육주사 하였으며, 전침 군의 개는 체중이 3.9${\pm}$1.0 kg 이었으며, 최초 5분 동안은 1 volt (10-15 hz)를 적용하였고, 그 이후에는 1-9 Volts (25-30 hz)를 유지시켜서 총 60 분의 전침을 적용하였으며, 사용된 경혈은 삼간 (LI-3), 합곡 (LI-4) 및 하관(ST-7) 이었다. 모든 개들은 약물 처치 또는 전침 실행에 있어서, 투여 전 및 투여 후10, 25, 40, 55 및 120분에 검사하였다. 전침 군의 평균 직장체온은, 투여 후 25, 40 및 55분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침군의 평균 심박수는, 투여 후 10, 25, 40 및 55분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침 군의 평균 호흡수는, 투여 후 55 및 120분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침군의 평균 GLU는, 투여 후 55 및 120분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. (p < 0.05). 전침 군의 평균 통증지수 총계는, 투여 후 10, 25, 40 및 55분에 있어서 xylazine 군에 비하여 유의성 있게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 전침 군의 진통이 xylazine 군에 비하여 더욱 양호 하였다. 침술 유도된 외과적 진통과 관련된 어떠한 부정적인 생리학적 영향도 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 허약한 환자에서 구강의 소 수술에 있어서, 이들 경혈을 사용한 전침 진통은 유용할 것으로 생각된다.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effects on the oral cavity in dogs which are treated with xylazine and electroacupuncture (EA). Furthermore, this study aims to find out its effects on glucose (GLU), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) variation ...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effects on the oral cavity in dogs which are treated with xylazine and electroacupuncture (EA). Furthermore, this study aims to find out its effects on glucose (GLU), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) variation values, vital signs (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) and pain responses to the noxious stimuli. Eight healthy dogs were randomly assigned to receive either xylazine or EA. Xylazine group dogs with weight of 3.6${\pm}$1.0 kg received 1.5 mg/kg of xylazine intramuscularly. EA group dogs with weight of 3.9${\pm}$1.0 kg received 1 volt (10-15 hz) for 5 minutes, and then 1-9 Volts (25-30 hz) for 60 minutes totally. The acupoints used were LI-3 (San Jian), LI-4 (He Gu) and ST-7 (Xia Guan). All dogs were examined before and 10, 25, 40, 55 and 120 minutes after administration of xylazine or EA. The mean rectal temperatures of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 25, 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean heart rates of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 10, 25, 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean respiratory rates of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 55 and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean GLU concentration of the EA group were significantly lower than those of xylazine group after 55 and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). The sum of mean pain scores (SMPS) of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 10, 25 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). In this study, the pain control of the EA group was shown to be better than that of the xylazine group. Also, there do not appear to be any negative physiologic effects associated with acupuncture-induced surgical analgesia. So, it was considered that these acupoints of EA analgesia might be useful for minor oral surgery in weak patients.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effects on the oral cavity in dogs which are treated with xylazine and electroacupuncture (EA). Furthermore, this study aims to find out its effects on glucose (GLU), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) variation values, vital signs (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) and pain responses to the noxious stimuli. Eight healthy dogs were randomly assigned to receive either xylazine or EA. Xylazine group dogs with weight of 3.6${\pm}$1.0 kg received 1.5 mg/kg of xylazine intramuscularly. EA group dogs with weight of 3.9${\pm}$1.0 kg received 1 volt (10-15 hz) for 5 minutes, and then 1-9 Volts (25-30 hz) for 60 minutes totally. The acupoints used were LI-3 (San Jian), LI-4 (He Gu) and ST-7 (Xia Guan). All dogs were examined before and 10, 25, 40, 55 and 120 minutes after administration of xylazine or EA. The mean rectal temperatures of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 25, 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean heart rates of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 10, 25, 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean respiratory rates of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 55 and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). The mean GLU concentration of the EA group were significantly lower than those of xylazine group after 55 and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). The sum of mean pain scores (SMPS) of the EA group were significantly higher than those of xylazine group after 10, 25 40 and 55 minutes (p < 0.05). In this study, the pain control of the EA group was shown to be better than that of the xylazine group. Also, there do not appear to be any negative physiologic effects associated with acupuncture-induced surgical analgesia. So, it was considered that these acupoints of EA analgesia might be useful for minor oral surgery in weak patients.
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문제 정의
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of EA analgesia in the oral cavity as an alternate for chemical anesthetic drugs in dogs. Thus, the changes of the pain value, vital signs (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate) and blood chemical values (glucose (GLU), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)) by EA were examined with comparison by xylazine in the present study.
가설 설정
a,b: Values marked with different letters represent significant different means at same time point (p < 0.05).
a,b: Values marked with different letters represent significant different means at same time point(p < 0.05).
제안 방법
All dogs were examined before and at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 120 minutes after xylazine injection or EA treatment. The LI-3 is approximately located in the head of the second metacarpal bone on the radial side, while LI-4 is located between the first and second metacarpal bones, approximately in the middle of the second metacarpal bone on the radial side.
Rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were determined before and 10, 25, 40, 55, and 120 minutes after xylazine injection or EA treatment.
대상 데이터
The healthy mongrel dogs used in this study was 1-4 years old. These dogs were comprised of 5 females and 3 males. They were acclimated for 1 month before the experiment.
Treatment group dogs (EA group) with weight of 3.9 ±1.0 kg (mean ± SD) and control group dogs (xylazine group) with weight of 3.6 ± 1.0 kg were used in the study.
데이터처리
All data were analyzed by student’s t-test.
Pain scores (lips, gingival stimuli, gingival incision, gingival suture, forepaw skin, and sum of mean pain scores (SMPS)) were compared using two-way ANOVA, while Chi square was used for the justification of pain scoring in the two-way ANOVA. All data were analyzed by student’s t-test.
Vital signs (rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) and serum biochemistry (ALT, GLU and BUN) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using repeated measures to compare the time-related variables of each anesthetic group.
성능/효과
In this study, the heart rate was higher in the EA group than in the xylazine group at 10 to 55 minutes (p < 0.05).
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