은퇴유형에 따른 은퇴가계 특성 비교: 전통적 은퇴와 점진적 은퇴를 중심으로 A Comparison of Household Characteristics by Retirement Types: Focused on Traditional Retirement and Gradual Retirement원문보기
This study compared demographic, economic and career characteristics between a traditional retirement group and a gradual retirement group. From the 2005 Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), 780 traditional retirees and 265 gradual retirees were selected. A t-test, chi-square test and logisti...
This study compared demographic, economic and career characteristics between a traditional retirement group and a gradual retirement group. From the 2005 Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), 780 traditional retirees and 265 gradual retirees were selected. A t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were completed. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there are gender and age differences between the traditional retirement group and the gradual retirement group. The gradual retirement group has a high proportion of male workers and older workers compared to the traditional retirement group. Second, members of the traditional retirement group have more income, more assets and less debt than members of the gradual retirement group; therefore, their financial structure is comparatively stable. Third, there is a large percentage of blue-collar workers (e.g., technical service, repair, operatives) in the gradual retirement group. Members of the gradual retirement group had worked for a shorter period during their career and had a lower wage rate than members of the traditional retirement group. Finally, male workers who are in their 60s and 70s, who do not have a public transfer income but have a higher level of career income, and are older when they end their career, are less likely to retire gradually. As they also have a higher level of debt, the probability of these workers selecting a gradual retirement route is high.
This study compared demographic, economic and career characteristics between a traditional retirement group and a gradual retirement group. From the 2005 Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), 780 traditional retirees and 265 gradual retirees were selected. A t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were completed. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there are gender and age differences between the traditional retirement group and the gradual retirement group. The gradual retirement group has a high proportion of male workers and older workers compared to the traditional retirement group. Second, members of the traditional retirement group have more income, more assets and less debt than members of the gradual retirement group; therefore, their financial structure is comparatively stable. Third, there is a large percentage of blue-collar workers (e.g., technical service, repair, operatives) in the gradual retirement group. Members of the gradual retirement group had worked for a shorter period during their career and had a lower wage rate than members of the traditional retirement group. Finally, male workers who are in their 60s and 70s, who do not have a public transfer income but have a higher level of career income, and are older when they end their career, are less likely to retire gradually. As they also have a higher level of debt, the probability of these workers selecting a gradual retirement route is high.
우리나라는 급속한 인구 고령화문제에 직면해 있다. 의료기술의 발달, 생활수준의 향상으로 2007년 현재 평균수명이 80세에 이른 반면(통계청, 2007), 출산율은 지속적으로 감소하여 고령화 현상이 가속화되고 있으며, 이로 인해 다양한 사회, 경제적 문제가 파생되고 있다. 특히 외환위기 이후 심화된 고용불안으로 인해 조기은퇴가 증가하면서 개인과 가계 및 국가의 경제적 부담이 가중되고 있다.
비자발적으로 이루어지는 은퇴의 종류는?
점진적인 은퇴과정에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 관련 연구들이 많이 이루어지고 있지만, 아직까지 우리사회는 점진적 은퇴를 선택할 수 있도록 지원하는 환경이 충분히 조성되어 있지 못하다. 현재 우리나라에서는 정년제, 명예퇴직, 조기퇴직 등 대부분 비자발적으로 이루어지는 은퇴가 적용되고 있다. 또한 중ㆍ고령자가 은퇴한 후 재취업을 하는 것이 쉽지 않아, 근로를 지속하고자 하는 의사가 있음에도 불구하고 장기실업 혹은 비자발적 완전은퇴로 이어지는 경향이 있다(권문일, 1996).
중ㆍ고령 은퇴자의 노동시장 참여를 활성화하여 그들 스스로 소득원을 마련하고, 삶의 질을 향상시키도록 조력하는 정책은 어떻게 이루어지고 있는가?
아직 신체적ㆍ정신적으로 건강하고 근로의욕이 있는 은퇴자들의 노동력을 활용하는 것이 국가경제의 경쟁력 차원에서도 효율적이기 때문이다. 구체적 방안으로는 근로시간 단축과 임금수준 감축 등을 통해 은퇴시기를 지연시키거나, 퇴직 후 재취업을 장려하는 방법이 중점적으로 고려되고 있다. 즉 다양한 은퇴유형과 은퇴경로를 선택할 수 있도록 기회를 제공함으로써, 개인과 가계가 재정자원을 확보하고 노후생활을 유지할 수 있도록 조력하는 것이다.
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