A flexuous rod-shaped virus was isolated from Cucurbita pepo leaves showing as green mosaic and puckering symptoms at Anseong, Korea. Based on the biological analysis, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the virus isolate was identified as Papaya ringsp...
A flexuous rod-shaped virus was isolated from Cucurbita pepo leaves showing as green mosaic and puckering symptoms at Anseong, Korea. Based on the biological analysis, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the virus isolate was identified as Papaya ringspot virus type watermelon (PRSV-W). From biological analysis, the host range of PRSV-W was limited to the families Cucurbitaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Most susceptible cucurbit species, such as Cucumis lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, and Citrullus lanatus, showed symptoms of green mosaic, malformation, puckering, and narrow laminae by infection with PRSV-W. The local lesion were showed on the inoculated leaves of both Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. Field survey of PRSV, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), three major viruses infecting cucurbit, was done during 2001 to 2003 on 173 commercial cucurbit cultivating fields distributed over the three regions of Gyeonggi, Gyeongbuk and Jeonnam Provinces where cucurbits are grown in different environmental conditions and cropping patterns. Typical viral symptoms were observed from 107 cultivating fields, and all three kinds of potyviruses were detected from 206 samples out of the 235 samples using RT-PCR. Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are the most widely distributed viruses in outdoor and retarding-culture fields, at an infection rating of 48 and 33 percents, respectively. PRSV was detected from 12 percent of 235 samples. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of coat proteins (CP) of eight PRSV isolates, collected from several areas including Anseong, were determined and sequenced heterogeneity among the isolates was performed. The CP gene of PRSV showed 88.6~97.3 percent homology in nucleotide sequences and 95.1~99.3 percent homology in amino acid sequences with other PRSV isolates worldwide. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean PRSV isolates belong to the southern-east Asian cluster.
A flexuous rod-shaped virus was isolated from Cucurbita pepo leaves showing as green mosaic and puckering symptoms at Anseong, Korea. Based on the biological analysis, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the virus isolate was identified as Papaya ringspot virus type watermelon (PRSV-W). From biological analysis, the host range of PRSV-W was limited to the families Cucurbitaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Most susceptible cucurbit species, such as Cucumis lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, and Citrullus lanatus, showed symptoms of green mosaic, malformation, puckering, and narrow laminae by infection with PRSV-W. The local lesion were showed on the inoculated leaves of both Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. Field survey of PRSV, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), three major viruses infecting cucurbit, was done during 2001 to 2003 on 173 commercial cucurbit cultivating fields distributed over the three regions of Gyeonggi, Gyeongbuk and Jeonnam Provinces where cucurbits are grown in different environmental conditions and cropping patterns. Typical viral symptoms were observed from 107 cultivating fields, and all three kinds of potyviruses were detected from 206 samples out of the 235 samples using RT-PCR. Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are the most widely distributed viruses in outdoor and retarding-culture fields, at an infection rating of 48 and 33 percents, respectively. PRSV was detected from 12 percent of 235 samples. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of coat proteins (CP) of eight PRSV isolates, collected from several areas including Anseong, were determined and sequenced heterogeneity among the isolates was performed. The CP gene of PRSV showed 88.6~97.3 percent homology in nucleotide sequences and 95.1~99.3 percent homology in amino acid sequences with other PRSV isolates worldwide. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean PRSV isolates belong to the southern-east Asian cluster.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
Based on the biological tests, electron microscopy, RT-PCR and sequence analyses of the CP cistron, the Korean PRSV isolates are clearly identified as PRSV W type of the potyvirus family as shown by its homology to PRSV isolates worldwide based on the partial biochemical and molecular characterizations done. The study is the first attempt to investigate and characterize the incidence of PRSV in Korea. Further study is needed to assess the extent of viral infection on commercially important cucurbit crops as squash, cucumber, melon and watermelon.
가설 설정
G: Saw-edged and/or aster-leaf induced by triple infection (PRSV+WMV+ZYMV). H: Systemic green mosaic and vein-banding induced by co-infection (ZYMV+WMV). E, J: fruits of field-infected squash and cucumber are often prominently affected with malformation, such as knobby overgrown accompanied by color break.
제안 방법
Nucleotide sequences were determined by an automated DNA sequencer (ABI Prism 310) with POP-6TM polymer (PE Applied Biosystems, Co.) and 47 cm, 50 μm (i.d.) of capillary as followed: laser power 10 mW / 15 kV / 50℃.
The RT-PCR procedure was able to identify biotype W of PRSV with leaves and fruits infected squash samples collected in the field. Amplification of a 648 bp product of the CP gene using PRS-C20 primer complementary to the UTR for reverse transcription and PRS-N60 primer provided a convenient method for differentiating PRSV from other viruses that infect cucurbits.
The study was conducted at Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk and Gyeonggi Provinces from 2001 to 2003 to identify the virus isolated in Korea and examine its general characteristics as well as its biological and physical properties. The identity of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the PRSV-coat protein with other isolates of potyviruses including WMV and ZYMV was also discussed.
대상 데이터
The DNA samples used for cycle sequencing were prepared using the Applied Biosystems Big Dye Terminator kits. Nucleotide sequences were determined by an automated DNA sequencer (ABI Prism 310) with POP-6TM polymer (PE Applied Biosystems, Co.
Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining algorithm based on the calculations from pairwise nucleotide and amino acid sequence distances derived from the multiple alignment formats. The data set was subjected to 1000 bootstrap replicates. The sequence of eight Korean PRSV isolates were compared with ten isolates of PRSV and two isolates each of WMV and ZYMV chosen from the Blast output obtained from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (Table 1).
이론/모형
02; Lynnon Biosoft, Quebec, Canada). Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining algorithm based on the calculations from pairwise nucleotide and amino acid sequence distances derived from the multiple alignment formats. The data set was subjected to 1000 bootstrap replicates.
Plant samples were placed separately in a plastic bag and kept at 4℃ until analyzed. The presence of PRSV, WMV, ZYMV, and CMV were determined using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Commercial ELISA kits were obtained from Agdia (Elkhart, Indiana, USA).
성능/효과
6% homologies in amino acid levels. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree indicated that the Korean PRSV isolates belongs to South-East Asian PRSV group as well as the TAIP and CHP isolates. These isolates belong to the American and Australian PRSV subgroup.
According to their hypothesis, 38 to 71% sequence homology between two viruses indicates that they are distinct species, while 90 to 99% sequence homology indicates that they are related strains. The study had demonstrated that the CP gene of PRSV-KOS1 showed 88.6～97.3% nucleotide homologies and 95.1～99.3% amino acid homologies with other PRSV isolates worldwide. However, PRSV-KOS1 was differentiated from ZYMV and WMV at a range of 51.
The study revealed that WMV and ZYMV are the most widely spread viruses in cucurbit cultivated under outdoor culture and retarding culture cropping type in Korea.
The relative frequencies of four viruses detected from cucurbits were described in Table 2 and 3. WMV and ZYMV were the most wide spread viruses in outdoor-cultured fields and retarding-culture fields, reaching 48 and 33%, respectively. PRSV was detected from 36 samples, representing 12% of the total samples.
후속연구
The study is the first attempt to investigate and characterize the incidence of PRSV in Korea. Further study is needed to assess the extent of viral infection on commercially important cucurbit crops as squash, cucumber, melon and watermelon. The molecular characterization and ecological distribution of PRSV is also worth pursuing.
참고문헌 (27)
Abou-Jawdah, Y., Sobh, H., El-Zammar, S., Fayyad, A. and Lecoq, H. 2000. Incidence and management of virus disease of cucurbits in Lebanon. Crop Protection 19:217-224
Anderson, C. W. 1953. Two watermelon mosaic virus strains from Central Florida. Phytopathology 44:198-202
Choi, H. S., Ko, S. J., Kim, M. K., Park, J. W., Lee, S. H., Kim, K. H., Hassan, K. W., Choi, J. K. and Takanami, Y. 2005. Characteristics of Potato virus Y isolated from paprika in korea. Plant Pathol. J. 21:349-354
Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Perring, T. M., Smith, R. F., Valencia, J. and Farrar, C. A. 1996. Occurrence of mosaic viruses in melons in the Central Valley of California. Plant Dis. 80:1092-1097
Jain, RK., Pappu, HR., Varma, A. and Ram, RD. 1998. Molecular characterisation of papaya ringspot potyvirus isolates from India. Annals of Applied Biology 132(2):413-425
Jin, T. S., Lee, S. H., Park, J. W., Choi, H. S., Kim, S. M., Shin, D. B., Cheon, J. U. and Cha, B. J. 2003. Identification of Papaya ringspot potyvirus type W infecting squash in Korea. Plant Pathol. J. 19:339 (abstract)
Ko, S. J., Lee, Y. H., Cha, K. H., Lee, S. H., Choi, H. S., Choi, Y. S., Lim, G. C. and Kim, K. H. 2006. Incidence and distribution of virus diseases on cucumber in jeonnam province during 1999-2002. Plant Pathol. J. 22(2):147-151
Langeveld, S. A., Dore, J. M., Memelink, J., Derks, A. F., van der Vlugt, C. I., Asjes, C. J. and Bol, J. F. 1991. Identification of potyviruses using the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1531-1541
Lee, S. H. and Lee, K. W. 1981. Incidence of watermelon mosaic virus in cucurbits. Korean J. Plant Prot. 20(4):191-195
Lisa, V. and Lecoq, H. 1984. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 282. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
Luis-Arteaga, M., Alvarez, J. M., Alonso-Prados, J. L., Garcia-Arenal, F., Lavina, A., Batlle, A. and Moriones, E. 1998. Occurrence, distribution, and relative incidence of mosaic viruses infecting field-grown melon in Spain. Plant Dis. 82:979-982
Mejia M. V. G., Hiebert E., Purcifull, D. E, Thornbury, D. W. and Pirone, T. P. 1985. Identification of potyviral amorphous inclusion as a nonstructural, virus-specific protein related to helper component. Virology 142:34-43
Purcifull, D. E., Hiebert, E., Petersen, M. A., Simone, G. W., Kucharek, T. A., Gooh, M. D., Crawford, E. E, Beckham, K. A. and De Sa, P. B. 1998. Partial characterization of a distinct potyvirus isolated from watermelon in Florida. Plant Dis. 82:1386-1390
Purcifull, D., Edwardson, J. and Hiebert, E. 1984. Watermelon mosaic virus 2. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 293. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
Purcifull, D., Edwardson, J., Hiebert, E. and Gonsalves, D. 1984. Papaya ringspot virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 292. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
Quiot-Douine, L., Lecoq, H., Quiot, J. B., Pitrat, M. and Labonne, G. 1990. Serological and biological variability of virus isolates related to strains of papaya ringspot virus. Phytopathology 80:256-263
Shukla, D. D. and Ward, C. W. 1988. Amino acid sequence homology of coat proteins as a basis for identification and classification of the potyvirus group. J. Gen. Virol. 69:2703-2710
Thomson, K. G., Dietzgen, R. G., Gibbs, A. J., Tang, Y. C., Liesak, W. Teakle, D. S. and Stackebrand, E. 1995. Identification of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus by RT-PCR and analysis of sequence variability. J. Virol. Methods 55:83-96
Webb, R. E. and Scott, H. A. 1965. Isolation and identification of watermelon mosaic virus 1 and 2. Phytopathology 55: 895-900
Yeh, S. -D., Jan, FJ., Chiang CH., Doong, TJ., Chen, MC., Chung PH. and Bau HJ. 1992. Complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of papaya ringspot virus RNA. J. Gen. Virol. 73:2531-2541
Yuki, VA., Rezende, JAM., Kitajima, EW., Barroso, PAV., Kuniyuki, H., Groppo, GA. and Pavan, MA. 2000. Occurrence, distribution, and relative incidence of five viruses infecting cucurbits in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Plant Dis. 84(5):516-520
Zettler, F. W., Edwardson, J. R. and Purcifull, D. E. 1968. Ultramicroscopic differences in inclusions of papaya mosaic virus and papaya ringspot virus correlated with differential aphid transmission. Phytopathology 58:332-335
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.