To clarify the reproductive function of vibration signals in Hynobius, which has externally fertilized eggs, we quantitatively analyzed the body and tail undulations of male Korean salamanders (Hynobius leechii) in sixteen mating events. One large and one small male, and one female were used in each...
To clarify the reproductive function of vibration signals in Hynobius, which has externally fertilized eggs, we quantitatively analyzed the body and tail undulations of male Korean salamanders (Hynobius leechii) in sixteen mating events. One large and one small male, and one female were used in each mating event. We analyzed behaviors recorded over a total of 3 hrs for each mating event; 2 hrs before and 1 hr after female's oviposition. Males touched females using their snouts or body trunk throughout the entire mating periods, but females touched males increasingly more after approximately 1 hr before oviposition. Males conducted body undulations more than 50 times per 10 minutes at a mean frequency of 0.64 Hz. Large males conducted more body undulations than small males, particularly on the tree twig where females attached their egg sacs. Males responded to other males' body undulation throughout the mating period by orienting their head towards, approaching, and touching the undulating male. Females only responded for about 10-20 min before ovipositing, and most responses were directed to the large male's body undulation. Males conducted tail undulations 3.0 times per 10 min at a mean frequency of 1.7 Hz and most tail undulations occurred after one male bit the other male. These results suggest that body undulations function in both male-female and male-male interactions, while tail undulations mainly functions in male-male competition. Also, male H. leechii appear to actively attract females, while females respond to the males only at times close to oviposition.
To clarify the reproductive function of vibration signals in Hynobius, which has externally fertilized eggs, we quantitatively analyzed the body and tail undulations of male Korean salamanders (Hynobius leechii) in sixteen mating events. One large and one small male, and one female were used in each mating event. We analyzed behaviors recorded over a total of 3 hrs for each mating event; 2 hrs before and 1 hr after female's oviposition. Males touched females using their snouts or body trunk throughout the entire mating periods, but females touched males increasingly more after approximately 1 hr before oviposition. Males conducted body undulations more than 50 times per 10 minutes at a mean frequency of 0.64 Hz. Large males conducted more body undulations than small males, particularly on the tree twig where females attached their egg sacs. Males responded to other males' body undulation throughout the mating period by orienting their head towards, approaching, and touching the undulating male. Females only responded for about 10-20 min before ovipositing, and most responses were directed to the large male's body undulation. Males conducted tail undulations 3.0 times per 10 min at a mean frequency of 1.7 Hz and most tail undulations occurred after one male bit the other male. These results suggest that body undulations function in both male-female and male-male interactions, while tail undulations mainly functions in male-male competition. Also, male H. leechii appear to actively attract females, while females respond to the males only at times close to oviposition.
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제안 방법
Each mating event was made by one small male (5.62 cm±0.10 Snout-vent length, 5.39 g± 0.21 Body weight, n=16), one large male (6.43 cm±0.09 SVL, 8.85 g±0.25 BW, n=16), and one female (6.64 cm± 0.08 SVL, 6.61 g±0.24 BW, n=16).
To study the reproductive function of body and tail undulations, we quantitatively analyzed mating behaviors of sixteen mating events. Each mating event was made by one small male (5.
대상 데이터
For the study, between late February and early March 2008, we collected 50 male and 20 female H. leechii from three small ponds (N 37° 46'19'', E 127° 48'56'') located in the Research Forests of Kangwon National University in Chuncheon, Kangwon, South Korea using a hand net.
데이터처리
If the change over the mating period was significant, we compared the data before and after the female's oviposition using a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as a post-hoc test.
05), we conducted non-parametric statistical analyses. To determine if the responses of large and small males or female to small and large males were different, we applied a repeated one-way ANOVA test. If the change over the mating period was significant, we compared the data before and after the female's oviposition using a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as a post-hoc test.
성능/효과
There was no difference in the response intensity (the sum of the number of head orientations, approaches, and contacts with an undulating male) per 10 min between large and small males to body undulations made by other males (F1,17=1.30, P=0.263) and there was no significant change in the response intensity over a mating period (F1,17=1.06, P=0.387; Fig. 3). The frequency of avoidance, disturbance, or biting behaviors of large males after touching small undulating males was different than that of small males when they had touched undulating large males (X2 =10.
Previous studies have reported that Hynobius females often approach the site where males stay and where they attach their egg sacs (Sato, 1992; Hasumi, 1994; Usuda, 1995, 1997). In this study, H. leechii females approached the tree twigs where males were present in more than 68% of the total number of oviposition cases. In particular, large H.
후속연구
Also, results indicate that males conduct most tail undulations after biting other males, and thus these undulations may play a role in male-male interactions. Further studies of this system could provide valuable insight into the function of vibration signals in urodele reproduction along evolutionary changes from external to internal fertilizing systems.
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