직접 부착법과 간접 부착법이 열순환 후 부착강도와 미세누출에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 Effects of direct and indirect bonding techniques on bond strength and microleakage after thermocycling원문보기
Ozturk, Firat
(Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics)
,
Babacan, Hasan
(Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics)
,
Nalcaci, Ruhi
(Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics)
,
Kustarci, Alper
(Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics)
본 연구는 직접 또는 간접 부착법으로 부착한 교정용 브라켓을 열순환 처리 후에 전단 결합 강도(shear bond strength, SBS)와 치아-접착제-브라켓 복합체의 미세 누출을 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 50개의 치아우식증이 없는 사람 소구치를 구하여 동등한 2개의 군으로 나누었다. 직접 부착군에서는 광중합 접착제 및 primer (Transbond XT)를 사용하였고 간접 부착군에서는 광중합 접착제와(Transbond XT) 화학중합 primer (Sondhi Rapid Set)를 사용하였다. 중합 후에 치아는 24시간 동안 증류수에 보관하였고 이후 500회 열순환 처리를 하였다. 미세누출의 평가를 위해 각 군에서 10개의 치아에 nail varnish로 추가 봉연을 실시하고 0.5% basic fuchsin에 24시간 동안 염색한 후 입체현미경으로 검경하였다. 만능시험기를 이용하여 각 군의 치아 15개로 SBS를 계측하였고 adhesive remnant index (ARI)를 평가하였다. 결과 자료는 Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test로 통계 분석하였다. 직접 부착군과 간접 부착군 사이에 SBS 및 미세누출의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으며 간접 부착군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 ARI 점수가 낮았다. 브라켓의 탈락은 법랑질-레진 계면에서 발생하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 부착법의 차이는 미세누출의 양과 SBS에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다.
본 연구는 직접 또는 간접 부착법으로 부착한 교정용 브라켓을 열순환 처리 후에 전단 결합 강도(shear bond strength, SBS)와 치아-접착제-브라켓 복합체의 미세 누출을 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 50개의 치아우식증이 없는 사람 소구치를 구하여 동등한 2개의 군으로 나누었다. 직접 부착군에서는 광중합 접착제 및 primer (Transbond XT)를 사용하였고 간접 부착군에서는 광중합 접착제와(Transbond XT) 화학중합 primer (Sondhi Rapid Set)를 사용하였다. 중합 후에 치아는 24시간 동안 증류수에 보관하였고 이후 500회 열순환 처리를 하였다. 미세누출의 평가를 위해 각 군에서 10개의 치아에 nail varnish로 추가 봉연을 실시하고 0.5% basic fuchsin에 24시간 동안 염색한 후 입체현미경으로 검경하였다. 만능시험기를 이용하여 각 군의 치아 15개로 SBS를 계측하였고 adhesive remnant index (ARI)를 평가하였다. 결과 자료는 Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test로 통계 분석하였다. 직접 부착군과 간접 부착군 사이에 SBS 및 미세누출의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으며 간접 부착군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 ARI 점수가 낮았다. 브라켓의 탈락은 법랑질-레진 계면에서 발생하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 부착법의 차이는 미세누출의 양과 SBS에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets and microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex bonded with a direct and an indirect bonding technique after thermocycling. Methods: Fifty non-carious human premolars were divided into two equal groups...
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets and microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex bonded with a direct and an indirect bonding technique after thermocycling. Methods: Fifty non-carious human premolars were divided into two equal groups. In the direct bonding group a light-cured adhesive and a primer (Transbond XT) was used. In the indirect-bonding group, a light-cured adhesive (Transbond XT) and chemical-cured primer (Sondhi Rapid Set) were used. After polymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours and thereafter subjected to thermal cycling (500 cycles). For the microleakage evaluation, 10 teeth from each group were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, and examined under a stereomicroscope. Fifteen teeth from each group were used for SBS testing with the universal testing machine and adhesive remnant index (ARI) evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: There were no statistical differences on SBS and microleakage between the two bonding techniques. The indirect bonding group had a significantly lower ARI score. Bracket failures were obtained between enamel-resin interfaces. Conclusions: The type of bonding technique did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage and SBS.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets and microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex bonded with a direct and an indirect bonding technique after thermocycling. Methods: Fifty non-carious human premolars were divided into two equal groups. In the direct bonding group a light-cured adhesive and a primer (Transbond XT) was used. In the indirect-bonding group, a light-cured adhesive (Transbond XT) and chemical-cured primer (Sondhi Rapid Set) were used. After polymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours and thereafter subjected to thermal cycling (500 cycles). For the microleakage evaluation, 10 teeth from each group were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, and examined under a stereomicroscope. Fifteen teeth from each group were used for SBS testing with the universal testing machine and adhesive remnant index (ARI) evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: There were no statistical differences on SBS and microleakage between the two bonding techniques. The indirect bonding group had a significantly lower ARI score. Bracket failures were obtained between enamel-resin interfaces. Conclusions: The type of bonding technique did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage and SBS.
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문제 정의
This study showed that indirect bonding and direct bonding techniques produce clinically acceptable bond strengths. The type of the bonding technique did not significantly affect the amount of microleakage.
가설 설정
Score 1: Dye penetration restricted to 1 mm of the bracket-adhesive or adhesive-enamel interface.
제안 방법
After debonding, the enamel surface of each tooth and the bracket bases were examined under 10 X magnification with a stereomicroscope (SMZ 800, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). ARI scores17 were assigned to each specimen.
After rinsing with distilled water, the samples were air-dried and each specimen was sliced longitudinally with a low-speed diamond saw (Isomet, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) under water coolant in the buccolingual direction. All sections were examined by two calibrated investigators with a stereomicroscope (30 X magnifications) for dye penetration. Each section was scored from both the occlusal and gingival margins of the brackets between the bracket-adhesive and the adhesive-enamel interfaces.
Each specimen underwent 500 complete cycles in distilled water between 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 30 seconds in each bath and a transfer time of 15 seconds between baths.
There have been no studies that investigated the effects of different bonding techniques on microleakage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the SBS, the mode of bond failure, and microleakage of direct and indirect bonding techniques after thermocycling.
대상 데이터
Fifty human maxillary premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons at the Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, with no decay, restorations, or surface defects, were collected. After extraction, the teeth were stored in 0.
데이터처리
ARI and microleakage scores were evaluated with the Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.
ARI and microleakage scores were evaluated with the Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Also, the relationship among SBS Data, ARI, and microleakage scores was analyzed with correlation analysis. The level of significance was set at p ＜ 0.
NS, Not significant. The SBS values were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and ARI scores were evaluated with the Chi-square test (p ＜ 0.05). ARI scores: 0, no adhesive left on the tooth; 1, less than half of the adhesive left on the tooth; 2, more than half of the adhesive left on the tooth; 3, all adhesive left on the tooth.
The assessments of SBS data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. ARI and microleakage scores were evaluated with the Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.
성능/효과
9 also showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the location of bond failure in the direct bonding (Transbond XT) and light-cured indirect bonding (Enlight LV/Orthosolo) groups after thermocycling. Based on their findings, the chemical-cured indirect bonding group (Transbond XT/Sondhi Rapid Set) was statistically different from the direct bonding and the light-cured indirect bonding groups after thermocycling. In accordance with these studies, our study showed significantly higher bond failure rates at the adhesive-enamel interface in the indirect bonding group.
25 observed higher microleakage scores at both adhesive interfaces at the gingival sides for all specimens, which were cured with resin-modified glass ionomer or conventional resin. In this study, although there were higher microleakage scores found at the gingival side between both interfaces, there was a statistically significant difference in microleakage scores only between adhesive-tooth interfaces at the gingival side in the direct bonding group. Arhun et al.
On the basis of the results of the correlation analysis, in the direct bonding group, there was an adverse relationship between ARI scores and SBS values (r =−0.78).
05). The ARI scores showed that the indirect bonding group had significantly higher percentage of bond failures at the adhesive-enamel interface.
8 compared the shear bond strength (SBS) and the sites of bond failure for brackets bonded to teeth between the direct bonding technique (Transbond XT) and indirect bonding technique (Transbond XT/Sondhi Rapid Set). The study showed that reduction of SBS was also observed in the indirect bonding technique group; and there were no statistically significant differences between the two techniques. When the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was determined, the indirect bonding technique was found to have a significantly lower ARI score.
12 compared the microleakage of the brackets bonded with high-intensity light curing lights and conventional halogen lights. This study showed that high-intensity curing units did not cause more microleakage than conventional halogen lights.
후속연구
In orthodontic practice, our results indicate that the indirect bonding method - with its significant advantages - can be conveniently used. This study was an in vitro study; thus, further clinical studies are needed to strengthen the validity of our results.
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